马克龙讲话后法国各方反应：巴尔代拉斥「可悲而懦弱」 黄背心团体称讲话空洞、扬言扩大罢工

巴黎——法国总统马克龙周日晚就席卷全国的骚乱发表电视讲话后，各方反应在周日晚至周一凌晨密集出现。据路透社、半岛电视台等媒体报道，马克龙在讲话中说，看着骚乱画面「我们所有人都感到愤怒与羞耻」，强调「任何事都不能为之辩解、解释或开脱」，并要求区分有正当诉求的和平示威者与打砸抢烧者。他未宣布全国紧急状态或宵禁，但表示省长可与市长协商、在必要时禁止特定集会以保护公共建筑与商户；他同时下令检讨此次抗议转为暴力过程中情报搜集与警力预备是否失当，并指示总理勒科尔尼在未来数日召集政党、工会、学生团体与地方当局协商。马克龙还宣布将设立「危机小组」为受困商户提供紧急援助；经济部长罗兰·莱斯屈尔承诺向受损商户提供政府支持，并称「破坏者将付出代价、赔偿损失」。

官方最新数字方面，法国内政部称周六全国近2,400人被捕、997名警察与宪兵受伤（其中7人重伤），另有1名抗议者在巴黎示威中因心脏骤停死亡。

反对党方面，极右翼国民联盟主席若尔当·巴尔代拉称马克龙的讲话「可悲」且「懦弱」，说政府「已拿不出任何东西给法国人民，甚至无法保护他们」。国民联盟领袖马丽娜·勒庞发布视频讲话称：「暴力不是观点，破坏不是表达方式，混乱不能成为法国未来的方案。」她另称现政府「已油尽灯枯、精疲力竭、不知所措」。左翼「不屈法国」领袖让-吕克·梅朗雄称政府对破坏「负全部责任」、「未能组织好治安维护」，并要求马克龙回应民众诉求，警告局势可能走向失控。共和党领袖布鲁诺·勒塔约再次要求宣布紧急状态。

工会与抗议团体方面，法国全国中学教师工会（SNES-FSU）秘书长索菲·韦内蒂泰表示，引发此次抗议的教育议题在讲话中「绝对没有任何具体内容」。据《世界报》报道，曾号召参与10月17日抗议的多个「黄背心」运动团体联盟称，讲话显示领导层与普通民众的现实脱节，内容空洞；这些团体要求与总统面对面会谈，称如获接受将组建代表各参与组织的代表团，并表示将继续包括封锁货运在内的集体行动，把已计划于11月5日举行的跨行业罢工扩大为总罢工与全面停摆。

地方层面，巴黎、里昂、马赛三市市长以破坏规模与事态严重为由，要求在未来数日与总理会面。半岛电视台记者娜塔莎·巴特勒在巴黎报道称，这场讲话「或许没有意外之处」，而走上街头抗议的人「已经听腻了法国总统这类讲话」。（GSM 据路透社、半岛电视台报道）

Reactions Pour In After Macron's Address: Bardella Calls It "Deplorable and Cowardly"; Yellow Vest Groups Vow a Wider Strike

Paris — Reactions poured in on Sunday night and into Monday after French President Emmanuel Macron addressed the nation over the rioting that swept France. According to Reuters, Al Jazeera and other outlets, Macron said in the televised address that "tonight, we all feel anger and shame" at the images of the unrest, insisting that "nothing justifies it, nothing explains it, nothing excuses it," and that peaceful protesters with legitimate demands must be distinguished from those who looted and destroyed. He stopped short of declaring a state of emergency or a curfew, but said prefects, working with mayors, could ban specific gatherings where necessary to protect public buildings and businesses. He also ordered a review of whether intelligence gathering or advance police preparation had failed as the protests turned violent, and directed Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu to convene political parties, unions, student groups and local authorities in the coming days. Macron pledged a "crisis unit" to provide urgent aid to struggling businesses, and Economy Minister Roland Lescure vowed government support for damaged shop owners, saying "those who break things will pay."

On the latest official toll, the Interior Ministry said nearly 2,400 people were arrested on Saturday and 997 police officers and gendarmes were injured, seven of them seriously, while one protester died of cardiac arrest during demonstrations in Paris.

Among opposition figures, Jordan Bardella, president of the far-right National Rally, called Macron's speech "lamentable" and "cowardly," saying the government "has nothing left to offer the French people and cannot even protect them." National Rally leader Marine Le Pen said in a video message: "Violence is not an opinion, and destruction is not a form of expression. Chaos cannot be a plan for France's future." She also described the administration as "running on fumes, exhausted and disoriented." Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of the left-wing France Unbowed, said the government was "solely responsible" for the destruction and had "failed to organise the maintenance of public order," urged Macron to respond to citizens' demands, and warned the country could be heading toward uncontrollable developments. Bruno Retailleau, leader of the conservative Republicans, renewed his call for a state of emergency.

From unions and protest groups, Sophie Vénétitay, general secretary of the SNES-FSU secondary teachers' union, said the address contained absolutely nothing concrete on education, the issue at the origin of the protests. According to Le Monde, a coalition of "yellow vest" movement groups that had called for participation in the October 17 protests called the speech hollow and said it showed how far leaders are removed from the realities of ordinary people; the groups demanded a face-to-face meeting with the president, said they would form a delegation representing the participating organizations if the request were accepted, and said they would continue collective action, including blocking freight transport, and expand a cross-sector strike planned for November 5 into a general strike and a full shutdown.

At the local level, the mayors of Paris, Lyon and Marseille have requested a meeting with the prime minister in the coming days, citing the scale of the destruction. Reporting from Paris, Al Jazeera's Natacha Butler said the speech had "perhaps no surprises," and that people who have been out protesting "are fed up of hearing these sorts of speeches by the French president." (GSM, from Reuters and Al Jazeera reports)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：巴黎「黄背心」抗议人群资料图（2019年3月摄，非本次骚乱现场）。图：Thomon，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0（经 Commons API 实查）。File photo of Yellow Vest protesters in Paris (March 2019; not the current unrest). Photo: Thomon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 (verified via Commons API).

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