生活成本抗议同日席卷欧洲多国：法国55万人上街 比利时意大利现冲突 葡萄牙现帐篷营地

巴黎——10月17日（周六），围绕生活成本、教育经费与住房的抗议同日在欧洲多国爆发：法国内政部称全国55万人上街；比利时布鲁塞尔与列日、意大利米兰与博洛尼亚发生示威者与警方冲突；葡萄牙里斯本数万人游行，市中心出现抗议帐篷营地。同一个周末，阿尔巴尼亚要求总理下台的学生抗议进入第五天，西班牙持续数周的住房抗议仍在发酵。半岛电视台形容，各地示威彼此独立、并无协调。

法国是这波抗议的中心。内政部统计，10月17日法国逾140座城镇共有55万人参加抗议，其中巴黎11万人；组织方工会称参加人数达80万。内政部10月18日公布的统计显示，10月17日当天共有2,397人被捕、997名警察与宪兵受伤；一名示威者在巴黎附近心脏骤停身亡，Limoges有143年历史的市政厅遭纵火焚毁。周日，巴黎共和国广场再爆冲突，108人被捕；总统马克龙当晚发表全国讲话。总理 Sébastien Lecornu 定于周一（10月19日）召开部长级危机会议。

比利时方面，数百名以学生和年轻人为主的抗议者周六在布鲁塞尔市中心集会，部分人与警方发生冲突，警方施放催泪弹并出动水炮；东部城市列日也出动水炮驱散人群。据比利时媒体援引警方数字，布鲁塞尔约150人被带走，其中118人为行政拘留、32人因涉嫌投掷物品、抗拒执法与纵火被司法拘留，5名警察受轻伤；列日有45人被捕，其中包括12名未成年人。内政部长 Bernard Quintin 在社交平台X上发文称，布鲁塞尔发生的「已不再是单纯抗议」。据法国《世界报》报道，比利时法语区学生本月初已就教育成本举行示威，其动员部分受到法国高中生运动的影响。

意大利方面，「Italia in Piazza」运动号召下，13座城市周六同日举行抗议，米兰与博洛尼亚有示威者投掷石块并与警方冲突。意大利警方称，周六北部多座城市共有28人被捕；意大利Sky TG24电视台援引警方统计称，周六共有197人被带至警局查验、43人被移送司法机关、141名执法人员受伤。抗议周日进入第二日，米兰主教座堂广场再爆冲突，60多人被带回核查。总理 Giorgia Meloni 表示：「示威是权利，把我们的城市变成战场不是。」她宣布政府将于周一开会商讨应对。

葡萄牙方面，最大工会CGTP称「数万」人周六挤满里斯本市中心一条主要大道，抗议低工资与住房危机；据半岛电视台与英国《卫报》报道，示威者在市中心的罗西乌广场（Rossio Square）搭起帐篷营地。自2017年以来，葡萄牙房价已翻了一倍多，新租约租金也接近翻倍，是欧洲住房负担最重的国家之一。

阿尔巴尼亚方面，由学生主导、要求总理 Edi Rama 辞职的抗议周六进入第五天。警方公布，迄今共有500名示威者被拘留，登记在案的受伤者包括120名警员和45名示威者；检方其后称388人被控罪。拉马拒绝下台。据路透社报道，这波抗议源于腐败、就业不足与教育等问题，与西欧各国的生活成本抗议诉求不同，但同在这一周末升温。

西班牙方面，住房抗议自9月下旬持续至今：国会10月2日否决政府两项住房法令后，10月3日全国50多座城市爆发游行，西班牙政府估计马德里约7万人参加；抗议者在马德里太阳门广场（Puerta del Sol）搭建的营地已进入第三周。首相 Pedro Sánchez 已宣布提前大选，投票定于11月29日举行。

巴黎高等商学院（HEC Paris）欧盟法律与政策教授 Alberto Alemanno 对半岛电视台表示，法国是这波运动的「震中」，有迹象显示不满情绪正向法国以外扩散，周六的抗议可能不会是最后一轮；他同时指出，各地抗议并非一场统一运动，而是多场诉求交叠的示威——教育经费不足、生活成本上升，以及学生对毕业后就业前景的担忧。（GSM 综合路透社、法新社、半岛电视台报道）

Cost-of-Living Protests Sweep Europe on Same Day: 550,000 March in France, Clashes in Belgium and Italy, Tent Camp in Lisbon

PARIS — Protests over the cost of living, education funding and housing erupted across several European countries on the same day, Saturday, October 17. France's Interior Ministry put nationwide turnout at 550,000; demonstrators clashed with police in Brussels and Liège in Belgium and in Milan and Bologna in Italy; tens of thousands marched in Lisbon, Portugal, where a protest tent camp appeared in the city centre. The same weekend, student protests demanding the prime minister's resignation entered a fifth day in Albania, and Spain's weeks-long housing protests continued. Al Jazeera described the demonstrations as separate and uncoordinated.

France was the centre of the wave. The Interior Ministry said 550,000 people protested in more than 140 towns and cities on October 17, including 110,000 in Paris; unions put the figure at 800,000. Ministry figures published on October 18 put arrests on October 17 at 2,397, with 997 police officers and gendarmes injured. One demonstrator died after a cardiac arrest near Paris, and the 143-year-old town hall in Limoges was destroyed by arson. On Sunday, clashes flared again at Place de la République in Paris, where 108 people were arrested, and President Emmanuel Macron addressed the nation that evening. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu is to chair a crisis meeting of ministers on Monday, October 19.

In Belgium, several hundred mostly young protesters gathered in central Brussels on Saturday, some clashing with police who fired tear gas and water cannon; water cannon was also used in the eastern city of Liège. Belgian media, citing police, reported about 150 people taken into custody in Brussels — 118 administrative arrests and 32 judicial detentions for alleged missile-throwing, resisting authority and arson — with five police officers slightly injured; in Liège, 45 people were arrested, including 12 minors. Interior Minister Bernard Quintin posted on X that what was happening in Brussels was "no longer mere protest." Le Monde has reported that students in French-speaking Belgium were already demonstrating over education costs earlier in October, a mobilisation partly inspired by the French high school movement.

In Italy, rallies called by the "Italia in Piazza" movement were held in 13 cities on Saturday, with protesters throwing stones and clashing with police in Milan and Bologna. Police said 28 people were arrested in northern cities on Saturday; Sky TG24, citing police figures, reported 197 people taken in for checks, 43 referred to judicial authorities and 141 law enforcement officers injured. The protests entered a second day on Sunday, with renewed clashes near Milan's Duomo and more than 60 people taken in for checks. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said demonstrating is a right but turning cities into battlefields is not, and announced a government meeting for Monday.

In Portugal, the CGTP union federation said "tens of thousands" filled a main avenue in central Lisbon on Saturday, protesting low wages and the housing crisis; Al Jazeera and The Guardian reported that demonstrators set up a tent camp in Rossio Square. House prices in Portugal have more than doubled since 2017, and rents on new leases have nearly doubled.

In Albania, student-led protests demanding Prime Minister Edi Rama's resignation entered a fifth day on Saturday. Police said 500 demonstrators had been detained, with 120 police officers and 45 protesters registered injured; prosecutors later said 388 people had been charged. Rama has refused to step down. Reuters reports the Albanian protests stem from corruption, a lack of jobs and education problems — grievances distinct from the cost-of-living protests in Western Europe, though escalating on the same weekend.

In Spain, housing protests have run since late September. After Congress voted down two government housing decrees on October 2, demonstrations swept more than 50 cities on October 3, with the government estimating about 70,000 marchers in Madrid; a protest camp at the Puerta del Sol square in Madrid is now in its third week. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has called a snap general election for November 29.

Alberto Alemanno, professor of EU law and policy at HEC Paris, told Al Jazeera that France is the epicentre of the movement, that there are signs of discontent spreading beyond France, and that Saturday's protests may not be the last. He stressed that the protests are not a single movement but several demonstrations with overlapping grievances: underfunded education, rising living costs and, for students, uncertain job prospects after graduation. (GSM, via Reuters, AFP and Al Jazeera)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：10月17日巴黎抗议现场，示威者举起手写标语牌。照片：FreCha / Wikimedia Commons（CC BY-SA 4.0）。

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