纽森宣布加州新增十余年来首批海洋保护区 受保护水域规模创新高
萨克拉门托——州长 Gavin Newsom 10月19日宣布，加州渔猎委员会（California Fish and Game Commission）已表决通过设立十多年来首批新的海洋保护区，加州受保护近岸水域规模达到历史新高。此次行动包括新设两处州立海洋保护区（SMCA）、扩围一处并强化一处。
新设的两处保护区各约 9 平方英里：Point Sal 州立海洋保护区位于圣巴巴拉县西北部 Guadalupe 附近海域，覆盖海带林与岩礁栖息地；Mishopshno 州立海洋保护区位于 Carpinteria 礁群，是幼年白鲨、蝠鲼与港湾海豹的育幼场。新区禁止商业捕捞与乘船游钓，保留岸边手竿垂钓，并为 Chumash 部落保留文化与历史采收豁免。此外，Malibu 附近的 Point Dume 州立海洋保护区扩围，新增约 5 英里此前未受保护的海域；北海岸的 Pyramid Point 保护区得到强化，并保留部落采收安排。
州长办公室称，这是加州海洋保护区网络自 2012 年建成以来的首次新增，也是该网络中首批由部落推动的提案：Point Sal 与 Mishopshno 分别由北 Chumash 部落委员会与 Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians 共同发起，未来将由加州与 Chumash 部落共同管理。自然资源保护委员会（NRDC）太平洋倡议负责人 Sandy Aylesworth 表示，Chumash 部落请求加州保护其祖传水域，「今天州政府答应了」，并称此举让保护区网络更加连通。环保组织欢迎这一决定的同时，部分商业渔民警告，失去关键渔场将带来经济损失。
此次指定是加州「30x30」目标的一部分：到 2030 年保护全州 30% 的陆地与近岸水域。据州政府最新进度报告，截至今年 6 月，加州已保护 27.1% 的陆地与 21.9% 的近岸水域，海洋一侧进度相对滞后，自 2020 年「30x30」倡议设立以来，受保护水域的增量几乎全部来自联邦政府 2024 年设立的一处国家海洋保护区。州长办公室同时表示，此举正值特朗普政府推动近海石油钻探并审查加州的海岸带管理计划之际。
据圣塔莫尼卡每日新闻（Santa Monica Daily Press）报道，此次调整共新增约1.5万英亩受保护水域，全州受保护近岸水域占比由此升至22.2%；加州海洋保护区网络现共124处。此次指定前，州政府与丘马什部落及各利益相关方进行了为期三年的协商，源于2023年完成的十年期评估。
Newsom Announces California's First New Marine Protected Areas in Over a Decade as Protected Waters Hit a Record
SACRAMENTO — Governor Gavin Newsom announced on October 19 that the California Fish and Game Commission has voted to designate the state's first new marine protected areas in over a decade, bringing California's protected coastal waters to a record level. The actions create two new state marine conservation areas (SMCAs), expand one existing area and strengthen another.
Each of the two new areas covers about nine square miles: the Point Sal SMCA, off northwest Santa Barbara County near Guadalupe, protects kelp forests and rocky reefs; the Mishopshno SMCA, at Carpinteria Reef, is a nursery for juvenile white sharks, bat rays and harbor seals. The new areas prohibit commercial fishing and boat-based sportfishing, allow shore-based hook-and-line fishing, and include a tribal take exemption for Chumash Indians. The Point Dume SMCA near Malibu was expanded to add about five miles of previously unprotected ocean, and protections at the Pyramid Point SMCA on the North Coast were strengthened, preserving tribal harvest.
The Governor's Office said these are the first areas approved since California completed its marine protected area network in 2012, and the first successful proposals in the network put forward by California tribes: Point Sal and Mishopshno were co-led by the Northern Chumash Tribal Council and the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, respectively, and will be co-stewarded by the state and Chumash Tribal Nations. Sandy Aylesworth, director of the Pacific Initiative at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said Chumash tribes asked California to protect their ancestral waters "and today the state said yes," adding that the designations make the network more connected. Environmental groups welcomed the votes, while some commercial fishers warned they will lose access to key waters.
The designations are part of California's "30x30" goal of conserving 30 percent of the state's land and coastal waters by 2030. According to the state's latest progress report, as of June California had conserved 27.1 percent of its land and 21.9 percent of its coastal waters, with ocean progress lagging; since the 30x30 initiative was established in 2020, nearly all of the increase in protected waters has come from a single federal marine sanctuary created in 2024. The Governor's Office framed the move against the Trump administration's push for new offshore oil drilling and its review of California's Coastal Management Program.
The Santa Monica Daily Press reported that the changes add about 15,000 acres of protected waters in total, bringing the share of California's coastal waters under protection to 22.2 percent, across a network that now numbers 124 marine protected areas. The designations followed three years of negotiation among the state, the Chumash tribes and stakeholders, stemming from the ten-year review completed in 2023.
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图片来源：本次扩围的 Point Dume 州立海滩海景（Malibu，资料照片）。Cecily Breeding 摄，CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
