新世界螺旋蝇重现美国南部 农业部投7.5亿美元在德州Edinburg建不育蝇工厂 2027年春投产

华盛顿消息——已被根除数十年的新世界螺旋蝇（New World Screwworm）再度出现在美国南部。农业部（USDA）表示，该害虫自中美洲一路北上穿过墨西哥，2026年6月在德克萨斯州 Zavala 县被检出，美国南部已确认数例。螺旋蝇幼虫钻入牛等温血动物的活体组织取食，可致宿主患病甚至死亡，对畜牧业威胁尤甚。

联邦目前的主防线仍是不育昆虫技术：把经辐照绝育的雄蝇大量投放到检出地区，使其与野生雌蝇交配后无法繁殖，逐步压灭种群。农业部动植物卫生检验局副局长 Michael Schmoyer 表示，历史上把螺旋蝇逐出美国时，每周投放量约为5亿只；目前美国每周从巴拿马一处工厂调入约1亿只不育蝇投往德州检出地区，供应明显不足。农业部新任螺旋蝇防备高级顾问、Texas A&M 大学董事 John Bellinger 表示，官方将「翻遍每一块石头」寻找更多不育蝇来源。

增产分两路推进。墨西哥 Metapa 的一座工厂经农业部约2,100万美元投入、由果蝇研究设施改建为螺旋蝇不育蝇生产设施，预计今年年底前投产，每周可再增加约1亿只。更大的产能在德州本土：农业部投资7.5亿美元在 Edinburg 的 Moore 空军基地建设占地约19英亩的新工厂，这是美国境内唯一一座螺旋蝇不育蝇生产厂；据农业部经其螺旋蝇快速反应渠道公布的进度，工厂预计2027年春季投产、较原计划提前，全面达产后每周可生产多达3亿只不育蝇，并采用可量产全雄性不育蝇的新技术。

治疗与科研也在补位。据兽医专业媒体 dvm360 报道，食品药品监管局 FDA 近日扩大一项紧急使用授权，F10 含杀虫剂抗菌伤口喷雾的适用范围扩展至牛、小型反刍动物、马、外来哺乳动物及野生与宠物鸟类，为牧场处置伤口感染增加工具。另据 DTN 10月14日报道，动物疫苗企业 Medgene 正与农业研究基金会（FFAR）的快速反应项目合作开发针对螺旋蝇幼虫的疫苗，公司细菌学研发经理 Casey Wright 表示，该项目是其平台技术支援美国畜牧业应对新发威胁的又一次应用。

墨西哥自2022年螺旋蝇重现以来已累计报告数万例，并出现人感染死亡个案。业界经济学者评估，螺旋蝇入境对全美牛肉市场的整体影响有限，但检出地区牧场将承担更高的监测与治疗成本；德州是全美牛肉供应链的核心环节，当地牧场正密切关注虫情与不育蝇投放进度。

New World Screwworm Returns to the Southern U.S. as USDA Builds $750 Million Sterile Fly Plant in Edinburg, Texas

WASHINGTON — The New World Screwworm, eradicated from the United States for decades, has reappeared in the southern U.S. The Department of Agriculture (USDA) says the pest marched north from Central America through Mexico and was detected in Zavala County, Texas, in June 2026, with several cases confirmed in the southern United States. Screwworm larvae burrow into the living tissue of warm-blooded animals, especially cattle, and can sicken or kill their hosts.

The federal government's main line of defense remains the sterile insect technique: releasing vast numbers of radiation-sterilized male flies so that matings with wild females produce no offspring, gradually collapsing the population. Michael Schmoyer, associate administrator of USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and director of its New World Screwworm Directorate, has said that pushing screwworm out of the U.S. in past campaigns took releases of roughly 500 million sterile flies a week. The U.S. currently imports about 100 million sterile flies a week from a facility in Panama for deployment in Texas detection areas, well short of that level. John Bellinger, a Texas A&M University regent newly appointed as USDA's senior adviser for screwworm preparedness, said officials are going to turn over every stone to find more sterile flies.

Capacity is being added on two tracks. In Metapa, Mexico, a plant converted from fruit fly research with about $21 million in USDA investment is expected to come online by the end of the year, adding roughly 100 million sterile flies a week. The larger addition is in Texas itself: USDA is investing $750 million in a new facility of about 19 acres at Moore Air Base in Edinburg, the only screwworm sterile fly production plant on U.S. soil. According to progress updates USDA has issued through its screwworm rapid response channel, the plant is expected to open in spring 2027, ahead of schedule, and at full capacity will produce up to 300 million sterile flies a week, using new technology that allows production of all-male sterile populations.

Treatment and research are also expanding. According to the veterinary trade outlet dvm360, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded an emergency use authorization for F10 Antiseptic Wound Spray with Insecticide to cover cattle, small ruminants, horses, exotic mammals, and wild and pet birds, giving producers another tool for wound care. Separately, DTN reported on October 14 that animal vaccine company Medgene is working with the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research's rapid response program on a vaccine targeting proteins screwworm larvae need to feed and develop; Casey Wright, the company's bacteriology development manager, called it another opportunity to apply its platform to an emerging threat to the U.S. livestock industry.

Mexico has reported tens of thousands of screwworm cases, including human deaths, since the pest reappeared there in 2022. Economists say the broader impact on U.S. beef markets is likely to be limited, but ranchers in affected areas face higher surveillance and treatment costs; Texas, through which a large share of the nation's beef supply moves, is watching case counts and sterile fly releases closely.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：带编号标记的不育雄性新世界螺旋蝇。Peggy Greb 摄，美国农业部公共领域图片，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。

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