法德达成汽车协议 拟放宽欧盟2035年排放目标并将英国纳入「欧盟制造」
据路透社10月16日报道，法国与德国当天就汽车业达成协议，拟放宽欧盟范围的2035年汽车二氧化碳排放目标，并为英国以可信伙伴身份纳入欧盟「欧盟制造」规则打开大门。两国当天公布了这一联合方案。
欧盟委员会去年提出，2035年新车二氧化碳排放应较2021年下降90%，汽车制造商须以低碳钢材和替代燃料补足剩余的一成。按法德方案，2035年目标定为下降90%，不再要求额外的补偿措施。这一软化后的目标大体符合德国汽车制造商的意愿。
联合方案还涉及欧盟一项引入本地含量与低碳要求的提案，该要求适用于通过公共采购、公共拍卖或补贴计划购买的产品。在汽车领域，法德提议「欧盟制造」的覆盖范围为欧盟27国，以及2020年1月1日时属于欧盟内部市场的其他欧洲伙伴——这将包括已于2020年底退出欧盟单一市场的英国。英国首相府官员表示，若英国汽车业能被纳入「欧盟制造」计划将是利好，但方案仍需欧洲各国达成共识，细节尚待明确。法德方案同时提出，纳入英国应以完全对等协议为条件，并与欧盟的第三国投资条件及贸易保护措施保持动态一致。
德国总理默茨当天在社交平台上表示，这是对开车的人和就业而言「美好的一天」，他与法国总统马克龙就一揽子方案达成一致，内容涵盖技术选择自由、技术开放与维护气候目标。
德国财政部长 Lars Klingbeil 表示，有关决定对德国汽车业数十万雇员与生产基地是正确的，国内生产将得到加强，车企有责任投资德国基地的未来、保障就业。德国绿党交通政策议员 Swantje Michaelsen 则批评说，现在削弱 2035 年目标会制造新的不确定性，危及德国汽车业的竞争力，今天放慢电动出行，明天就有落后的风险。
France and Germany Agree Car Deal to Soften EU 2035 Emissions Target and Open 'Made in EU' to UK
France and Germany said on Friday they had struck a deal on cars that would water down the European Union's 2035 CO2 emissions targets and open the door for Britain to be treated as a trusted partner under the EU's 'Made in EU' rules.
The European Commission proposed last year that car emissions should drop by 90% from 2021 levels by 2035, with automakers closing the remaining gap to 100% through low-carbon steel and alternative fuels. Under the Franco-German plan, the target would be set at 90% with no further compensatory measures required — a softening broadly in line with the wishes of German automakers.
The joint plan also covers an EU proposal introducing local-content and low-carbon requirements for products bought through public procurement, auctions or subsidy schemes. For the automotive sector, the two countries propose that 'Made in EU' should cover the EU's 27 members plus other European partners that were part of the EU internal market on January 1, 2020 — which would include Britain, which left the single market at the end of 2020. London said inclusion would be good news for Britain's car sector, but that the proposal still needs European consensus. The plan says such inclusion should be subject to full reciprocity and dynamic alignment with EU conditions on third-country investment and trade protection measures.
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz called it 'a good day for motorists and for jobs' in Germany, France and Europe, saying he and President Emmanuel Macron had agreed a package covering freedom of choice, technology openness and safeguarding climate targets.
German Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil said the decisions were right for the hundreds of thousands of employees and sites of the German automotive industry and that domestic production would be strengthened, adding that manufacturers have a responsibility to invest in the future of German sites and secure jobs. Swantje Michaelsen, a German Greens MP specialising in transport policy, criticised the deal, saying that weakening the 2035 targets now creates new uncertainty and jeopardizes the competitiveness of the German auto industry, and that slowing electric mobility today risks falling behind tomorrow.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于布鲁塞尔的欧盟委员会总部贝雷蒙大楼。图片来源：Euro Pictures，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 2.0。Photo: The Berlaymont building, headquarters of the European Commission, in Brussels. Image: Euro Pictures, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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