佛州「14岁以下不得开社交账号」获联邦上诉法院放行 平台限期合规引家长热议
当地时间10月14日，美国联邦第十一巡回上诉法院三名法官一致裁定，佛罗里达州可以执行2024年通过的HB3法案：禁止14岁以下未成年人开设带有「成瘾性设计」功能的社交媒体账号，14至15岁青少年须经父母同意才能开户。裁决撤销了下级法院此前发布的初步禁令。据路透社报道，这项全美最严厉的未成年人社交媒体法律之一，在家长群体中重新引发热议。
HB3于2024年3月由州长德桑蒂斯签署，针对带有无限滚动、自动播放视频、推送通知、点赞计数等功能的平台，涉及Instagram、TikTok、Snapchat等。主笔法官凯文·纽森在47页的裁决意见中表示，这项法律针对的是平台功能本身，而非平台上讨论的主题或观点，保护未成年人免受社交媒体成瘾及相关危害，是州政府的重要利益。裁决同时指出，未成年人仍可在不注册账号的情况下浏览平台内容。
提起诉讼的科技行业组织计算机与通信行业协会（CCIA）在裁决后发表声明，称结果「令人深切担忧」；另一原告NetChoice的诉讼中心主任保罗·塔斯克表示将评估所有后续选项，并认为应由父母而不是政府为家庭作决定。据Mashable报道，相关平台约有一个月时间完成合规调整。佛罗里达州总检察长办公室暂未即时回应置评请求。
（综合路透社、《塔拉哈西民主党人报》、Mashable 10月14日报道）
Appeals Court Lets Florida Enforce Its Under-14 Social Media Ban, Renewing Debate Among Parents
On October 14, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled unanimously that Florida may enforce HB3, its 2024 law barring children under 14 from opening accounts on social media platforms that use so-called addictive features, and requiring parental consent for 14- and 15-year-olds. The ruling vacated a lower court's preliminary injunction. According to Reuters, the decision has renewed debate among parents over one of the nation's strictest laws on minors and social media.
HB3, signed by Governor Ron DeSantis in March 2024, targets platforms with features such as infinite scrolling, autoplay videos, push notifications and like counts, including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat. In a 47-page opinion, Judge Kevin Newsom wrote that the law regulates platform features rather than the topics or viewpoints discussed online, and that protecting minors from social media addiction and related harms is an important state interest. The court noted that children may still view platform content without an account.
The Computer & Communications Industry Association, one of the trade groups that sued, called the ruling "deeply concerning" in a statement. Paul Taske of the NetChoice Litigation Center said the group is evaluating all of its options and that parents, not government, should remain in the driver's seat for their families. Mashable reported that the platforms have about a month to come into compliance. Florida's attorney general's office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
(Compiled from Reuters, the Tallahassee Democrat and Mashable, October 14)
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：位于塔拉哈西的佛罗里达州议会大厦（资料图）。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，Michael Rivera 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0 授权
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
