肯尼迪启动联邦疫苗损伤研究计划 在NIH设诊所并改革上报系统
美国卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·肯尼迪本周启动了一项全部门行动，系统研究并记录接种疫苗后报告的健康问题。这是他上任以来重塑联邦疫苗政策最具实质性的一步。
计划的核心是在马里兰州贝塞斯达的国立卫生研究院（NIH）临床中心开设一家新的疫苗损伤研究诊所。肯尼迪周一访问NIH时揭晓了该诊所，并会见了自称因接种疫苗受伤的患者。卫生部表示，整套方案还将改革疑似损伤的报告与研究机制：疾控中心（CDC）将升级疫苗不良事件报告系统（VAERS），电子病历须记录疫苗相关不良事件，联邦医保与医助服务中心（CMS）还提议新增计费代码，让医生上报严重疑似副作用时能获得报销。
「我们必须倾听报告疫苗损伤的患者和家庭——而不是 dismiss 或 gaslight 他们，」肯尼迪在周四的新闻稿中说，「特朗普总统和我正在建设一个认真对待他们、遵循证据、用学到的东西让疫苗更安全的卫生体系。」
这一举动引发公共卫生界的担忧。美国儿科学会指出，儿童疫苗在获批前经过安慰剂对照和对照组试验研究，获批后持续接受安全性监测；CDC 也表示疫苗导致严重反应的可能性「极小」。联邦疫苗损伤赔偿计划——一种向政府而非厂商索赔的无过错制度——列有16种疫苗对应的14种可赔偿损伤，自1988年以来已就约12,300起损伤和死亡索赔支付了约50亿美元。
此举正值肯尼迪因修改儿童疫苗接种时间表面临法律挑战，也正值专家警告疫苗接种率下滑之际。麻疹今年在美国卷土重来，CDC 报告截至10月8日确诊已达4,080例，专家认为官方数字很可能低估了真实感染规模。
RFK Jr. Launches Federal Vaccine-Injury Research Initiative at NIH, Revamping Injury Reporting System
U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has launched an agency-wide initiative to study and document health problems reported after vaccination, the department announced Thursday, in the latest and most concrete step of his long-running effort to reshape federal vaccine policy.
The centerpiece is a new vaccine-injury research clinic at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, which Kennedy unveiled Monday during a visit to NIH, where he met with patients who say they were injured by vaccines. The department said the program will also overhaul how suspected injuries are reported and studied: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will update its Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), electronic health records will be required to capture vaccine-related adverse events, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has proposed a new billing code so doctors can be reimbursed for filing reports of serious suspected side effects.
"We must listen to patients and families who report vaccine injuries — not dismiss or gaslight them," Kennedy said in Thursday's press release. "President Trump and I are building a health system that takes them seriously, follows the evidence, and uses what we learn to make vaccines safer."
The initiative has stoked concern among public health advocates. The American Academy of Pediatrics says childhood vaccines are studied in placebo-controlled and comparison-group trials and monitored for safety after approval, and the CDC notes there is a "very remote chance" of vaccines causing serious reactions. The federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program — a no-fault system in which claimants file against the government, not manufacturers — lists 14 compensable injuries across 16 vaccine types and has awarded roughly $5 billion across about 12,300 injury and death claims since 1988.
The push comes as Kennedy faces legal challenges over his moves to alter the childhood vaccination schedule and as public health experts warn of falling immunization rates. Measles has resurged in the United States this year, with the CDC reporting 4,080 confirmed cases as of October 8 — and experts say the official count likely understates the true toll.
图片来源：James Gathany 摄（CDC），公有领域（Wikimedia Commons）
