西班牙住房法令生效：机构与大房东买房不得低于市价七成
西班牙住房与城市议程部10月8日发布说明，政府10月6日内阁会议通过的两项住房皇家法令已经公布并陆续生效。两项法令10月7日刊登在西班牙官方公报上；由于国会已经因提前大选解散，法令须由国会常设委员会确认。第一项法令已经生效，旨在保障住房的社会功能、打击投机；第二项法令如获确认，将于11月15日生效，内容是稳定普通住房租赁合同。
按第一项法令，到2030年12月31日为止，以收购房产或不良房贷组合为业的公司、基金、企业等实体，以及法律意义上的大持有者，购买住房的价格不得低于独立评估机构确定的市场价值的70%。政府说，这一限制意在压缩投机性低价收购的空间。
首相 Pedro Sánchez 在10月6日的发布会上介绍，两项法令共有21项措施，其中包括一条100亿欧元的融资线，为首次购房者提供最高5万欧元的无息贷款；另有2.8亿欧元担保，用于鼓励工业化建造住房、增加供给。政府还提出依托公营住房实体 Casa 47 扩大可负担公共住房存量。
住房问题是这次提前大选的导火索之一。10月2日，国会否决了政府先前版本的两项住房法令；三天后，桑切斯宣布解散国会、于11月29日举行大选。住房部的新说明强调，重新通过的法令保留了原法令的实质，并加入了上述融资等新内容。（来源：西班牙住房与城市议程部）
Spain's Housing Decrees Take Effect: Funds and Large Holders Barred From Buying Below 70% of Market Value
Spain's Ministry of Housing and Urban Agenda issued a detailed note on October 8 on the two housing royal decree-laws approved by the Council of Ministers on October 6. Both texts were published in the Official State Gazette on October 7; because the Cortes have been dissolved ahead of the snap election, they must be validated by Congress's Permanent Deputation. The first decree-law, aimed at protecting the social function of housing and curbing speculation, is already in force; the second, on stability of ordinary rental contracts, would enter into force on November 15 if validated.
Under the first decree-law, until December 31, 2030, companies, funds and other entities whose business is acquiring homes or portfolios of unpaid mortgage loans, as well as legally defined large holders, may not buy housing for less than 70% of its market value as determined by an independent appraisal company. The government says the cap is meant to squeeze speculative bargain purchases.
Presenting the package on October 6, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said the two decree-laws contain 21 measures, including a 10 billion euro financing line offering interest-free loans of up to 50,000 euros to first-time home buyers, and 280 million euros in guarantees to promote industrialised housing construction and expand supply. The plan also relies on the public housing entity Casa 47 to grow the stock of affordable public housing.
Housing was the trigger of the snap election. On October 2, Congress voted down earlier versions of the two decrees; three days later Sánchez dissolved the Cortes and called elections for November 29. The ministry's note stresses that the re-approved decrees keep the substance of the originals while adding the new financing measures. (Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Agenda, Spain)
来源：西班牙住房与城市议程部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：西班牙城市住宅楼（资料图）。Wikimedia Commons 开放授权。 / Photo: Residential buildings in Spain (file photo). Wikimedia Commons, open license.
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