加州发布首部短尾猫保护管理计划草案 全州短尾猫逾6.2万只
Sacramento——加州鱼类和野生动物部（CDFW）10月1日发布该州首部《短尾猫保护与管理计划》草案并征集公众意见，意见征集期至11月1日，可发送至[email protected]。计划草案共133页，配套的种群监测报告已于今年8月发布。
根据计划草案引用的最新估算，加州现有短尾猫超过62000只，与1977年估计的72960只、1981年估计的68210只大体相近；但该部指出，早期数字缺乏统计严谨性，尚不足以判定加州短尾猫的长期种群趋势，因此计划将建立系统化种群监测，并按区域设定管理目标。该部短尾猫计划协调员阿曼达·哈伯德表示，系统监测是该部履行管理职责、确保短尾猫长期存续的关键。
计划草案梳理的历史数据显示，短尾猫昔日承受的猎捕压力显著：1977-78猎捕季，加州猎手与陷阱猎人共猎捕21922只短尾猫；1979年猎捕季仅开季11周，猎捕数即触及当时14400只的配额上限。2020年生效的州法AB 1254已在全州禁止以猎杀和陷阱方式猎捕短尾猫（持有剥夺性许可的除外），并规定在该管理计划出台之前不得重开猎季。按现行法律，只有州鱼类和野生动物委员会有权恢复狩猎季，且须先采纳本计划。
健康监测方面，该部研究显示，送检的短尾猫尸体中，疥癣病例占19%；在29只死于疥癣的短尾猫中，有28只检出抗凝血灭鼠剂暴露。洛杉矶县记录的疥癣死亡数居全州之首（11只），其次是Ventura County与Orange County；Santa Clara County、中海岸Monterey一带也是路杀与疥癣的热点区域。车辆撞击与疥癣并列为加州短尾猫的主要死因。自AB 1254生效以来，该部没有为短尾猫签发过一张剥夺性致死许可。
（来源：加州鱼类和野生动物部）
California Releases First Draft Bobcat Conservation Plan; Statewide Population Put at Over 62,000
SACRAMENTO — The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) on October 1 released the state's first draft Bobcat Conservation and Management Plan for public review, with comments accepted through November 1 at [email protected]. The 133-page draft follows a population monitoring report issued in August.
The department's latest estimate puts California's bobcat population at more than 62,000 animals, broadly in line with estimates of 72,960 in 1977 and 68,210 in 1981. CDFW cautions that the earlier figures lacked statistical rigor and are not sufficient to establish a long-term trend, so the plan sets up systematic population monitoring and region-by-region management objectives. Amanda Hubbards, the department's bobcat program coordinator, said systematic monitoring is essential to the department's stewardship responsibilities and to the species' long-term persistence in California.
Historical data in the draft show the hunting pressure bobcats once faced: hunters and trappers took 21,922 bobcats in the 1977-78 season, and the 1979 season closed after 11 weeks when the take hit the 14,400-animal quota. AB 1254, in effect since 2020, bans hunting and trapping of bobcats statewide (depredation permits excepted) and bars any new season until this management plan is in place. Under current law, only the Fish and Game Commission may restore a season, and only after adopting the plan.
On health, CDFW research found mange in 19% of bobcat carcasses submitted for health studies; of 29 bobcats that died of mange, 28 had detectable exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides. Los Angeles County recorded the most mange deaths (11), followed by Ventura and Orange counties, with Santa Clara County and the Monterey area of the Central Coast among the hotspots for vehicle strikes and mange. Vehicle collisions and mange are the leading known causes of bobcat mortality in California. Since AB 1254 took effect, the department has issued no depredation permits authorizing lethal take of a bobcat.
(Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife)
来源：加州鱼类和野生动物部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：国家公园管理局红外相机在洛杉矶格里菲斯公园拍到的短尾猫（2015年，美国国家公园管理局，公共领域）。A bobcat photographed by a National Park Service camera in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, 2015. (National Park Service, public domain)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
