参议院通过拨款包后众议院未及表决，美国联邦政府部分停摆
2026年1月31日凌晨零时过后，美国联邦政府进入部分停摆。此前结束2025年长停摆的法律只把多数机构的资金安排到1月30日，资金到期时，众议院尚未表决参议院刚通过的拨款包，白宫行政管理和预算局（OMB）遂启动停摆程序。
参议院1月30日以71票对29票通过折衷方案：五项全年拨款法案为多数机构提供到9月底的资金，国土安全部则只获两周临时拨款，给两党留出时间就移民执法改革继续谈判。众议院当时处于休会期，要到2月2日（周一）才复会，众议长 Mike Johnson 此前已经表示，短暂的资金断档很可能无法避免。
这次断档源于明尼阿波利斯移民执法争议。边境巡逻队人员1月24日在明尼阿波利斯枪击致死 Alex Pretti 后，参议院民主党人撤回对国土安全部拨款法案的支持，要求对移民执法加设限制，包括结束流动巡逻、执法人员佩戴随身相机、不得蒙面，以及搜查须凭法官签发的令状。谈判破裂后，双方才在1月29日达成把国土安全部拨款单列、其余五案先行的安排。
受断档影响的包括战争部、国务院、劳工部、卫生与公众服务部、教育部、交通部、住房与城市发展部、财政部与国土安全部等由待定法案供款的部门；已经获得全年拨款的机构不受影响。由于断档从周末开始，各方当时普遍预计，只要众议院复会后迅速通过参议院版本，实际影响将有限。
Partial Federal Shutdown Begins After the Senate Passes a Funding Package the House Has Not Yet Voted On
Shortly after midnight on January 31, 2026, the United States federal government entered a partial shutdown. The law that had ended the long 2025 shutdown funded most agencies only through January 30, and when that funding expired the House of Representatives had not yet voted on the package the Senate had just passed, so the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) began shutdown procedures.
On January 30, the Senate passed a compromise by 71 votes to 29: five full-year appropriations bills funding most agencies through September, with the Department of Homeland Security given only a two-week extension so both parties could keep negotiating immigration enforcement reforms. The House was in recess and was not due to return until Monday, February 2, and Speaker Mike Johnson had already said a brief funding lapse was likely unavoidable.
The lapse grew out of the dispute over immigration enforcement in Minneapolis. After Border Patrol officers fatally shot Alex Pretti in Minneapolis on January 24, Senate Democrats withdrew support for the Homeland Security appropriations bill and demanded new restrictions on immigration enforcement, including an end to roving patrols, body cameras for agents, a ban on masks, and searches based on judicial warrants rather than internal ones. After talks stalled, negotiators agreed on January 29 to separate the Homeland Security bill and move the other five bills first.
The lapse covered departments funded by the pending bills, including the Departments of War, State, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, Treasury and Homeland Security, while agencies that had already received full-year funding were unaffected. Because the lapse began over a weekend, it was widely expected at the time that the practical impact would be limited if the House passed the Senate version quickly after returning.
Related: Border Patrol Officers Fatally Shoot Alex Pretti, a 37-Year-Old Nurse, in Minneapolis
来源：美国国会
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于美国华盛顿的美国国会大厦西立面全景（资料照片）。Noclip 摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons；联邦固定图库标准图。 / Photo: Full view of the west front of the United States Capitol in Washington (file photo). Photo by Noclip, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; standard image from the GSM federal fixed-image library.
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