特朗普签署第14370号行政令，责成司法部加速完成大麻改列第三类管制物质的程序
美国总统特朗普12月18日在白宫签署第14370号行政令《增加医用大麻和大麻二酚研究》，把增加医用大麻与大麻二酚（CBD）研究定为本届政府的政策，并责成司法部长采取一切必要步骤，依照联邦法律以最快速度完成把大麻从《管制物质法》第一类改列第三类的规则制定程序。行政令本身并不直接变更大麻的分类，改列须待司法部完成规则制定程序后才生效。
行政令回顾了这项程序的来历：食品和药物管理局2023年完成对大麻医疗用途的评估，认定有科学证据支持大麻用于治疗与疾病相关的厌食、恶心呕吐和疼痛；卫生与公众服务部同年建议缉毒局把大麻改列第三类；司法部2024年5月发布改列拟议规则，收到近4.3万条公众意见，目前正等待行政法法官听证。行政令说，第一类药物的定义是没有目前被接受的医疗用途、滥用可能性高，第三类药物则有目前被接受的医疗用途、滥用可能性较低。
行政令列出的数据包括：全美40个州和哥伦比亚特区已有州或地方批准的受监管医用大麻项目；超过3万名持照医疗从业者分布在43个司法管辖区，可为600多万名注册患者就至少15种疾病推荐医用大麻；慢性疼痛困扰近四分之一的美国成年人和超过三分之一的老年人，使用医用大麻的人中有六成是为了控制疼痛。
行政令还要求总统助理兼负责立法、政治和公共事务的副幕僚长与国会合作，更新大麻衍生大麻素最终产品的法定定义，让美国人能获得合适的全谱CBD产品，同时保留国会限制销售有严重健康风险产品的意图；卫生与公众服务部、食品和药物管理局、联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心与国立卫生研究院则要利用真实世界证据开发研究方法和模型，以改善大麻衍生大麻素产品的可及性并为诊疗标准提供依据。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Executive Order 14370 Directing the Justice Department to Expedite Rescheduling Marijuana to Schedule III
President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14370, Increasing Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research, at the White House in Washington on December 18, 2025. The order makes it the policy of the administration to increase medical marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) research, and directs the Attorney General to take all necessary steps to complete, in the most expeditious manner and in accordance with federal law, the rulemaking process to reschedule marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act. The order itself does not change marijuana's classification, which takes effect only once the Justice Department completes the rulemaking process.
The order recounts how the process arrived here. The Food and Drug Administration completed a review in 2023 and found scientific support for marijuana's use to treat anorexia related to a medical condition, nausea and vomiting, and pain. The Department of Health and Human Services recommended that year that the Drug Enforcement Administration control marijuana under Schedule III. The Justice Department issued a proposed rescheduling rule in May 2024 that drew nearly 43,000 public comments and is awaiting an administrative law hearing. Schedule I drugs are defined as having no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse, while Schedule III drugs have a currently accepted medical use and a lower potential for abuse, the order says.
Figures cited in the order include regulated medical marijuana programs in 40 states plus the District of Columbia; more than 30,000 licensed health care practitioners across 43 jurisdictions authorized to recommend medical marijuana to more than 6 million registered patients for at least 15 medical conditions; and chronic pain affecting nearly 1 in 4 U.S. adults and more than 1 in 3 seniors, with 6 in 10 medical marijuana users reporting they use it to manage pain.
The order also directs the Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Legislative, Political, and Public Affairs to work with Congress to update the statutory definition of final hemp-derived cannabinoid products so Americans can access appropriate full-spectrum CBD products, while preserving Congress's intent to restrict products that pose serious health risks. The Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Director of the National Institutes of Health are directed to develop research methods and models using real-world evidence to improve access to hemp-derived cannabinoid products and inform standards of care.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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