纽森签署 AB 495《家庭预备计划法》，父母可预先安排孩子照护
2025年10月12日，美国加利福尼亚州州长 Gavin Newsom 在州府 Sacramento 签署第495号众议院法案（AB 495）《家庭预备计划法》（Family Preparedness Plan Act of 2025），让父母在可能因移民执法等紧急情况与孩子分离之前，就能合法地预先安排可信赖的亲属照护孩子。新法于2026年1月1日生效。
法案由代表 San Fernando 的州众议员 Celeste Rodriguez 提出。在联邦移民执法加强的背景下，不少家庭担心，父母一旦被拘留，孩子放学无人来接、日常无人照护。这部法律的目标，就是让家庭提前把照护安排落到纸面上。
新法先扩大了可以签署「照护者授权宣誓书」的亲属范围：与孩子有血缘、收养或姻亲关系、在五代亲等以内的成年人，如姑婆、表亲等，都可以成为照护者。照护者凭这份宣誓书，可以为孩子办理入学，并同意孩子接受普通医疗等照护。
新法还创设了「临时共同监护」：遗嘱检验法院可以在有监护权的父母提名下，指定该父母与另一名成年人共同担任孩子的临时监护人，适用于父母因移民程序等原因暂时无法照护孩子的情形。州长办公室特别说明，未经法庭命令，该法并不会改变谁可以成为孩子的照护者、法定监护人或父母。
在学校与托儿方面，新法要求地方教育机构把州总检察长编写的《了解你的教育权利》指南提供给家长，要求总检察长就托儿机构如何配合移民执法制定示范政策，并禁止托儿服务提供者收集孩子或家长的移民身份信息，法律另有规定的除外。
纽森在签署声明中说：「我们要表明，我们与我们的家庭站在一起，支持他们保护私人信息安全、维护父母权利、为紧急情况提前做好准备的权利。」
Rodriguez 说，立法的用意，是让孩子们不必担心「如果父母没能来学校接他们，自己会怎么样」。这部法案得到儿童权益联盟（Alliance for Children's Rights）、First 5 California 等儿童倡导组织的支持；签署前后，它也遭到保守派活动人士的强烈批评。
Newsom Signs AB 495, the Family Preparedness Plan Act, Helping California Parents Plan Care for Their Children
On October 12, 2025, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 495 (AB 495), the Family Preparedness Plan Act of 2025, in Sacramento, allowing parents to lawfully arrange in advance for a trusted relative to care for their children in case an emergency such as immigration enforcement separates them. The law takes effect on January 1, 2026.
The bill was authored by Assemblymember Celeste Rodriguez of San Fernando. With federal immigration enforcement stepped up, many families fear that if a parent is detained, no one will be there to pick up their children from school or care for them day to day. The law is meant to let families put care arrangements in place on paper ahead of time.
The law first expands who may sign a Caregiver's Authorization Affidavit: any adult related to the child by blood, adoption or affinity within the fifth degree of kinship — such as a great-aunt or a cousin — may serve as a caregiver. With the affidavit, a caregiver can enroll a child in school and consent to ordinary medical and other care for the child.
The law also creates a temporary joint guardianship: a probate court may, on the nomination of a custodial parent, appoint that parent and another adult as temporary joint guardians of a child, for situations in which a parent is temporarily unable to provide care, including because of immigration proceedings. The Governor's office emphasized that without a court order, the law does not change who can be a child's caregiver, legal custodian, guardian or parent.
For schools and childcare, the law requires local educational agencies to give parents the Attorney General's "Know Your Educational Rights" guide, requires the Attorney General to issue model policies on how childcare facilities interact with immigration enforcement, and bars childcare providers from collecting immigration information about children or their parents, except as required by law.
In his signing statement, Newsom said: "We are putting on record that we stand by our families and their right to keep their private information safe, maintain parental rights and help families prepare in case of emergencies."
Rodriguez said the point of the legislation is that children should not have to wonder what will happen to them if their parents are not able to pick them up from school. The bill was backed by children's advocacy organizations including the Alliance for Children's Rights and First 5 California; it also drew strong criticism from conservative activists before and after the signing.
来源：加州州长办公室
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：萨克拉门托加州议会大厦（资料照片）。Andre m 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons 与四级固定图库加州包。 / Photo: The California State Capitol in Sacramento (file photo). By Andre m, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons and the GSM California asset library.
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