纽森签署加州 SB 53 前沿模型开发商须公开安全框架
2025年9月29日，加利福尼亚州州长纽森在州府 Sacramento 签署参议院第53号法案《前沿超级智能透明度法》，为最强大的基础模型开发商订立公开披露与安全报告要求。法案由来自 San Francisco 的州参议员 Scott Wiener 提出。
州长办公室说，这部新法意在为前沿模型的发展装上常识性护栏、建立公众信任，同时让创新继续发展。法案吸收了纽森召集的加州超级智能政策联合工作组今年早些时候发布的报告建议，该报告是全美第一份同类报告。
新法的主要要求有五项。在透明方面，大型前沿开发商须在网站上公开一份框架，说明公司如何把国家标准、国际标准与行业共识最佳实践纳入自身框架。在创新方面，法案在州政府运营署内设立名为 CalCompute 的联盟，研拟建立公共计算集群的框架。在安全方面，法案建立新机制，让前沿公司与公众可以向加州紧急服务办公室报告潜在的重大安全事件。在问责方面，法案保护披露前沿模型重大健康与安全风险的吹哨人，并设立可由州总检察长执行的民事罚款。在跟进方面，法案要求加州技术部每年根据各方意见、技术发展与国际标准，提出更新法律的建议。
纽森在签署时说，加州已经证明，可以在保护社区的同时让新兴产业继续蓬勃发展，这部立法取得了平衡，加州以全美第一部前沿安全立法建立公众信任。Wiener 说，对一项变革性技术，有责任在支持创新的同时装上常识性护栏来理解与降低风险。
州长办公室介绍，加州是这一产业的发源地，全球前50家相关公司中有32家在加州；2024年全美相关岗位招聘中15.7%在加州，居各州第一，超过一半的全球风险投资投向了湾区公司。
（来源：加州州长办公室）
Newsom Signs California SB 53, Frontier Model Developers Must Publish Safety Frameworks
On September 29, 2025, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, in Sacramento, the state capital in Sacramento County, California, setting public disclosure and safety reporting requirements for developers of the most powerful foundation models. The bill was authored by Senator Scott Wiener of San Francisco.
The Governor's Office said the new law is designed to install commonsense guardrails on the development of frontier models, helping build public trust while continuing to spur innovation. The law builds on recommendations from California's first-in-the-nation report by the Joint California Policy Working Group on frontier models, convened at the Governor's request and published earlier in the year.
The law has five main elements. On transparency, large frontier developers must publicly publish a framework on their website describing how the company has incorporated national standards, international standards and industry-consensus best practices. On innovation, it establishes a consortium called CalCompute within the Government Operations Agency to develop a framework for a public computing cluster. On safety, it creates a mechanism for frontier companies and the public to report potential critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services. On accountability, it protects whistleblowers who disclose significant health and safety risks posed by frontier models and creates a civil penalty enforceable by the Attorney General. On responsiveness, it directs the California Department of Technology to annually recommend updates to the law.
Newsom said California has proven it can establish regulations to protect communities while ensuring the growing industry continues to thrive, and that the legislation strikes that balance as the first-in-the-nation frontier safety law. Wiener said that with a technology this transformative, there is a responsibility to support innovation while putting commonsense guardrails in place to understand and reduce risk.
The Governor's Office said California is home to 32 of the world's top 50 companies in the field, that 15.7 percent of U.S. job postings in the field in 2024 were in California, first among states, and that more than half of global venture funding for such startups went to Bay Area companies.
(Source: Office of the Governor of California)
来源：加州州长办公室
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于 Sacramento 的加州州议会大厦，从 Capitol Mall 公园方向望去。Robert Dimov 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The California State Capitol in Sacramento, seen from the Capitol Mall park. Photo by Robert Dimov, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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