特朗普签署《GENIUS法案》成法 美国首个联邦稳定币监管框架落地
2025年7月18日，特朗普总统在白宫东厅签署《GENIUS法案》，法案成为法律（第119-27号公法），为支付稳定币创设美国首个联邦监管框架。法案全名为 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act。
法案此前在国会两院先后通过：参议院于6月17日以68比30通过，众议院于7月17日以308比122通过，次日送交总统签署。
按白宫情况说明书，法案要求支付稳定币发行方以美元或短期美国国债等流动资产提供100%的储备支持，并每月公开披露储备构成。法案禁止发行方宣称稳定币由联邦政府背书、受联邦保险保障或是法定货币；发行方破产时，稳定币持有人的债权优先于其他债权人受偿。
合规方面，发行方受《银行保密法》约束，须履行反洗钱与制裁合规义务，包括建立风险评估、名单核查与客户识别程序，并须具备依法查封、冻结或销毁支付稳定币的技术能力。法案同时把州级监管框架与联邦框架对齐，为发行方建立统一的准入与监管规则。
关联：货币监理署 OCC 定版稳定币终规：1比1储备、两日赎回 2027年1月18日随《GENIUS法案》生效
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs GENIUS Act Into Law, Creating the First Federal Framework for Stablecoins
On July 18, 2025, President Donald Trump signed the GENIUS Act into law in the East Room of the White House (Public Law 119-27), creating the first federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins in the United States. The law's full name is the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act.
The bill had passed both chambers of Congress: the Senate approved it 68 to 30 on June 17, and the House passed it 308 to 122 on July 17, sending it to the President the following day.
According to the White House fact sheet, the law requires payment stablecoin issuers to maintain 100 percent reserve backing in liquid assets such as U.S. dollars or short-term Treasury securities, and to publicly disclose the composition of those reserves every month. It prohibits issuers from claiming that stablecoins are backed by the federal government, covered by federal insurance, or legal tender; if an issuer goes bankrupt, stablecoin holders' claims take priority over those of other creditors.
On compliance, issuers are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and must carry out anti-money-laundering and sanctions obligations, including risk assessments, sanctions-list screening and customer identification programs, and must have the technical capability to seize, freeze or burn payment stablecoins as required by law. The act also aligns the state regulatory framework with the federal one, establishing uniform licensing and supervisory rules for issuers.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：2025年7月18日，特朗普总统在白宫东厅就签署《GENIUS法案》发表讲话，该法案在仪式上成为法律。白宫官方照片，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: President Donald Trump speaks in the East Room of the White House on July 18, 2025, at the signing of the GENIUS Act into law. Official White House photo, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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