最高法院以6比3裁定家长有权让孩子退出涉性别与性内容的小学绘本教学
2025年6月27日，美国最高法院以6比3裁定，马里兰州蒙哥马利县的公立学校家长有权要求提前获知涉性别与性内容的绘本教学、并让孩子退出这类课堂，家长一方有权获得初步禁令。涉案的县教育委员会总部位于马里兰州蒙哥马利县 Rockville。
2022至2023学年，蒙哥马利县教育委员会把多本以性与性别为题材的「LGBTQ+包容」绘本纳入幼儿园至五年级课程。起初，学区会在使用这些绘本前通知家长、允许孩子退出；不到一年，学区取消这一安排，宣布学生与家庭不得退出此类教学、也不再提前通知。
多名不同宗教背景的家长与一个家长协会随后起诉，称取消通知与退出安排侵犯了他们按自身宗教信仰养育子女的权利。地区法院拒绝发出初步禁令，联邦第四巡回上诉法院以2比1维持原判，家长一方上诉到最高法院。
大法官 Samuel Alito 撰写的多数意见说，把这些绘本引入课堂、同时拒绝通知与退出，对家长的宗教践行构成负担：这些教学对年幼学生构成「非常真实的威胁」，可能动摇家长希望向孩子灌输的宗教信仰与实践。法院认定家长一方的主张很可能成立，并有权获得初步禁令，在案件继续审理期间，学区须提前通知并允许退出。
多数意见由首席大法官 John Roberts 与大法官 Clarence Thomas、Neil Gorsuch、Brett Kavanaugh、Amy Coney Barrett 加入，Thomas 另有协同意见。大法官 Sonia Sotomayor 撰写异议意见，Elena Kagan 与 Ketanji Brown Jackson 加入，她认为让学生接触与宗教信仰不同的观念不构成对宗教践行的侵犯，并警告判决会给公立学校的课程安排带来混乱。
本案案号 24-297，判决书编号 606 U.S. 522，2025年4月22日口头辩论。判决推翻了第四巡回的裁定，案件发回下级法院继续审理。
（来源：美国最高法院）
Supreme Court Rules Parents Entitled to Opt Children Out of LGBTQ Storybook Instruction, 6-3
On June 27, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that parents in Montgomery County, Maryland, are entitled to advance notice of, and to opt their children out of, elementary school storybook instruction involving sexuality and gender, and that the parents are entitled to a preliminary injunction. The county Board of Education at the center of the case is headquartered in Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland.
During the 2022-2023 school year, the Montgomery County Board of Education introduced a set of 'LGBTQ+-inclusive' storybooks, with story lines focused on sexuality and gender, into the curriculum for kindergarten through fifth grade. The Board initially notified parents when the books would be taught and allowed children to be excused; less than a year later, it rescinded that policy, announcing that students and families could not opt out of the instruction and that no advance notice would be given.
A group of parents of different faiths and a parents' association sued, arguing that withdrawing notice and opt-outs burdened their right to raise their children in their own religious beliefs. The district court denied a preliminary injunction, and a divided panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed; the parents appealed to the Supreme Court.
Writing for the majority, Justice Samuel Alito said that introducing the storybooks while withholding notice and opt-outs burdens parents' religious exercise: the instruction poses 'a very real threat of undermining' the religious beliefs and practices that parents wish to instill in young children. The Court held that the parents are likely to succeed on their claim and are entitled to a preliminary injunction requiring notice and opt-outs while the case proceeds.
Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Clarence Thomas, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett joined the majority, and Thomas also wrote a concurrence. Justice Sonia Sotomayor dissented, joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson, arguing that exposing students to ideas that differ from their parents' religious beliefs is not a burden on religious exercise, and warning that the ruling would create chaos for public school curricula.
The case is Mahmoud v. Taylor, No. 24-297, cited as 606 U.S. 522, argued on April 22, 2025. The judgment of the Fourth Circuit was reversed and the case returns to the lower courts for further proceedings.
(Source: Supreme Court of the United States)
来源：美国最高法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿特区的美国最高法院大楼黄昏全景，本案判决书在此作出。Joe Ravi 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C., at dusk, where this decision was issued. Photo by Joe Ravi, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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