众议院一票之差通过「大而美法案」：215票对214票送交参议院
位于华盛顿特区的美国国会众议院于2025年5月22日清晨以215票对214票、一票之差通过共和党的预算协调法案「大而美法案」（One Big Beautiful Bill Act，H.R.1），法案随即送交参议院审议。这是特朗普总统第二任期立法议程的核心一仗。
众议院书记官办公室的记名表决记录（第145号表决）显示，表决在5月22日上午6时54分完成：赞成215票、反对214票、投「出席」1票、未投票2人。共和党议员中215人赞成、2人反对，民主党212名议员全部反对。投反对票的两名共和党议员是肯塔基州的 Thomas Massie 与俄亥俄州的 Warren Davidson，众议院自由党团主席、马里兰州的 Andy Harris 投了「出席」票。
这部法案篇幅庞大，涵盖税收、能源、边境安全与联邦开支等多个领域，核心是延长2017年《减税与就业法》的减税条款，并加入新的个人与小企业减税安排。表决前夜，规则委员会通过经理修正案作了最后调整，其中包括把州和地方税扣除上限提高到4万美元，这一调整被视为锁定若干摇摆共和党议员支持的关键。
国会预算办公室在修正案前版本的估算称，法案中的税收部分将在2025至2034十年间使联邦赤字增加约3.775万亿美元；支持者强调减税与增长效应，反对者则批评法案削减医疗补助等福利开支并扩大赤字。众议院议长 Mike Johnson 在表决前后推动党团连夜赶工，赶在阵亡将士纪念日休会前完成众议院这一关。
法案通过后即送交参议院。参议院共和党人当时表示将提出自己的版本，参议院多数党领袖 John Thune 把7月4日休会前在参议院过关设为目标。（来源：美国众议院书记官办公室）
House Passes the One Big Beautiful Bill Act by One Vote, 215 to 214, Sending It to the Senate
At the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., the House of Representatives passed the Republican budget reconciliation bill, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1), early on May 22, 2025, by a single vote, 215 to 214, sending it to the Senate. The bill was the centerpiece of President Trump's second-term legislative agenda.
The roll-call record of the Office of the Clerk (Roll Call 145) shows the vote was completed at 6:54 a.m. on May 22: 215 yeas, 214 nays, one member voting present and two not voting. Among Republicans, 215 voted yea and two voted nay; all 212 Democrats voted nay. The two Republican opponents were Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Warren Davidson of Ohio, while Andy Harris of Maryland, who chairs the House Freedom Caucus, voted present.
The sweeping bill spans taxation, energy, border security and federal spending, centered on extending the tax cuts of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and adding new relief for individuals and small businesses. Overnight before the vote, the Rules Committee adopted a manager's amendment making final changes, including raising the cap on the state and local tax (SALT) deduction to $40,000, a change widely seen as key to locking in support from wavering Republicans.
The Congressional Budget Office had estimated that the tax provisions of the pre-amendment version would increase the federal deficit by about $3.775 trillion over the 2025-2034 decade; supporters emphasized tax relief and growth, while opponents criticized cuts to programs such as Medicaid and the added deficits. Speaker Mike Johnson pushed his conference through overnight work to clear the House before the Memorial Day recess.
After passage the bill moved to the Senate, where Republicans said they would draft their own version, with Majority Leader John Thune setting a goal of Senate passage before the July 4 recess. (Source: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
来源：美国众议院书记官办公室
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国国会大厦（资料图）。AramilFeraxa 摄，CC BY，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The United States Capitol in Washington (file photo). Photo by AramilFeraxa, CC BY, via Wikimedia Commons.
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