司法部民权司启动撤销路易斯维尔与明尼阿波利斯警局诉讼：收回拟议同意令、另撤六地违宪结论
美国司法部民权司2025年5月21日宣布，开始着手撤销针对肯塔基州杰斐逊县路易斯维尔市（Louisville）警察局与明尼苏达州亨内平县明尼阿波利斯市（Minneapolis）警察局的两起诉讼，并收回上届政府就两局作出的违宪执法结论；两市原拟接受的联邦同意令安排也随之放弃。
司法部在声明中称，这两起诉讼是拜登政府在特朗普再次当选总统后于任期末仓促提交的，指控两局存在大范围违宪执法模式，其做法是把统计差异直接等同于蓄意歧视，并大量依赖有缺陷的方法与不完整数据。声明称，拟议的同意令范围远超指控本身，将把两局的管理、监督、培训、绩效评估、纪律、人员编制、招募与录用都置于联邦法院与独立监察员多年的细密监管之下，合规成本可能高达数亿美元，而其法律与事实依据并不足够。
民权司助理司法部长 Harmeet K. Dhillon 表示：「范围过宽的警察同意令把本应属于社区的警务控制权夺走，转交给未经选举、不负问责的官僚，他们往往带有反警察的议程。今天，我们终结拜登时期民权司以缺乏事实依据的同意令束缚地方领导人与警察局的失败试验。」
民权司称，将采取一切必要步骤，以不得再诉的方式（with prejudice）撤销路易斯维尔与明尼阿波利斯两案，关闭针对两局的底层调查，并撤回上届政府作出的违宪结论。同一行动还包括关闭调查并撤回违宪结论的另外六个执法机构：亚利桑那州凤凰城警察局、新泽西州特伦顿警察局、田纳西州孟菲斯警察局、纽约州芒特弗农警察局、俄克拉荷马州俄克拉荷马城警察局与路易斯安那州州警。
据美联社当日报道，路易斯维尔与明尼阿波利斯的同意令协议源于两起引发全美抗议的事件：2020年明尼阿波利斯警察杀害 George Floyd、路易斯维尔警察在突袭中杀害 Breonna Taylor；两市在上届政府任期最后数周与司法部达成协议，但同意令尚未获法官批准。明尼阿波利斯市长 Jacob Frey 当天表示，该市将照已签协议的条款自行落实改革。司法部在声明结尾表示，将继续通过拨款与技术援助支持全国警察局，并称身着制服的个别行为人若违反宪法或民权法，司法部仍会采取包括刑事起诉在内的一切必要行动。（来源：美国司法部）
Civil Rights Division Moves to Dismiss Louisville and Minneapolis Police Lawsuits and Withdraw Proposed Consent Decrees
The U.S. Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division announced on May 21, 2025, that it was beginning the process of dismissing its lawsuits against the police departments in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky, and Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota, retracting the previous administration's findings of constitutional violations by the two departments and abandoning the proposed federal consent decrees for both cities.
In its statement, the Department said the two lawsuits had been filed at the last minute by the Biden administration after President Donald Trump's reelection, accusing Louisville and Minneapolis of widespread patterns of unconstitutional policing by wrongly equating statistical disparities with intentional discrimination and heavily relying on flawed methodologies and incomplete data. The proposed decrees, the Department said, went far beyond the accusations themselves and would have governed the departments' management, supervision, training, performance evaluations, discipline, staffing, recruitment, and hiring, imposing years of micromanagement by federal courts and expensive independent monitors and potentially hundreds of millions of dollars in compliance costs, without a legally or factually adequate basis.
"Overbroad police consent decrees divest local control of policing from communities where it belongs, turning that power over to unelected and unaccountable bureaucrats, often with an anti-police agenda," said Assistant Attorney General Harmeet K. Dhillon of the Civil Rights Division. "Today, we are ending the Biden Civil Rights Division's failed experiment of handcuffing local leaders and police departments with factually unjustified consent decrees."
The Division said it would take all necessary steps to dismiss the Louisville and Minneapolis lawsuits with prejudice, close the underlying investigations, and retract the prior findings. The same action closed investigations and retracted findings for six additional agencies: the police departments of Phoenix, Arizona; Trenton, New Jersey; Memphis, Tennessee; Mount Vernon, New York; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the Louisiana State Police.
According to the Associated Press's reporting that day, the Louisville and Minneapolis consent decree agreements grew out of two killings that set off nationwide protests in 2020: the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police and the shooting of Breonna Taylor during a Louisville police raid; the cities reached agreements with the Justice Department in the final weeks of the previous administration, but the decrees had not yet been approved by a judge. Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said that day that his city would carry out the reforms on its own under the terms it had signed. The Department closed its statement by saying it would continue to support police departments nationwide through grants and technical assistance, and stands ready to take all necessary action, including criminal prosecution, when individual bad actors in uniform violate the Constitution or civil-rights laws. (Source: U.S. Department of Justice)
来源：美国司法部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的美国司法部总部 Robert F. Kennedy Building 一角（资料图），檐口刻有司法部铭文。Pelajanela 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: A corner of the Robert F. Kennedy Building, U.S. Department of Justice headquarters in Washington, D.C. (file photo), with the Department's inscription on the frieze. Pelajanela, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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