众议院217比215通过预算决议：为特朗普议程启动预算协调程序
2025年2月25日晚，美国众议院在华盛顿特区以217票赞成、215票反对，通过共和党提出的2025财年预算决议（H.Con.Res.14）。决议由众议院预算委员会主席 Jodey Arrington 提出，为总统特朗普的减税、边境、能源与国防议程启动预算协调程序；走这一程序的相关立法在参议院可以简单多数通过，无需60票。
表决中，共和党仅众议员 Thomas Massie 一人投反对票，民主党议员全数反对。众议长约翰逊在表决前争取党内犹豫的议员，特朗普也致电游说。表决当晚，众议院一度宣布推迟表决，随即恢复并完成表决通过决议。约翰逊在表决后说：「我们做到了。」
决议设定的是十年期框架：为减税预留最高4.5万亿美元的赤字空间，以各委员会实现至少2万亿美元开支削减为条件，其中筹款委员会的净增赤字上限为4.5万亿美元。决议要求各委员会在十年内削减开支至少1.5万亿美元，并以2万亿美元为目标；其中能源与商业委员会至少削减8,800亿美元。决议还把债务上限提高4万亿美元。
参议院已于2025年2月21日以52票赞成、48票反对，通过参议院自己的预算决议（S.Con.Res.7）。参议院版本较为精简，不含减税内容，两院版本之间的差异须在后续程序中弥合。
预算决议本身不具法律效力，也不直接设定拨款；它设定的是预算框架和给各委员会的指令，后续立法按这一框架推进。
（来源：美国国会）
House Passes Budget Resolution 217-215, Launching Reconciliation for Trump's Agenda
On the evening of February 25, 2025, the U.S. House of Representatives in Washington, D.C., passed the Republican fiscal year 2025 budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) by a vote of 217 to 215. The resolution, introduced by House Budget Committee Chairman Jodey Arrington, launched the budget reconciliation process for President Donald Trump's tax, border, energy and defense agenda. Legislation moved through reconciliation can pass the Senate by a simple majority, without the 60 votes ordinarily required.
Among Republicans, only Representative Thomas Massie voted no, while Democrats voted against the resolution unanimously. Before the vote, Speaker Mike Johnson worked to win over undecided members of his party, and Trump also lobbied by phone. That evening, the House at one point announced the vote would be postponed, then reversed course and passed the resolution. "We got it done," Johnson said after the vote, according to the Associated Press.
The resolution set a ten-year framework. It reserved up to $4.5 trillion in deficit room for tax cuts, conditioned on committees achieving at least $2 trillion in spending cuts, with the Ways and Means Committee's net deficit increase capped at $4.5 trillion. It required committees to cut spending by at least $1.5 trillion over ten years, with a target of $2 trillion; the Energy and Commerce Committee was directed to cut at least $880 billion. The resolution also raised the debt limit by $4 trillion.
The Senate had already passed its own, narrower budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) on February 21, 2025, by a vote of 52 to 48. The Senate version did not include tax cuts, and the differences between the two chambers' versions would have to be reconciled in the steps that follow.
A budget resolution does not itself have the force of law and does not directly set appropriations. It establishes the budget framework and the instructions given to committees, under which subsequent legislation proceeds.
(Source: U.S. Congress)
来源：美国国会
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国国会大厦西侧与格兰特纪念雕像（Mike Peel 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0）。 / Photo: The west side of the U.S. Capitol with the Grant Memorial in Washington, D.C. (by Mike Peel, CC BY-SA 4.0).
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