德国联邦议院选举：默茨率联盟党胜出、德国选择党居第二、社会民主党第三
2025年2月23日，德国举行第21届联邦议院提前选举。德国联邦选举官公布的结果显示，由 Friedrich Merz 率领的基督教民主联盟（基民盟，CDU）与基督教社会联盟（基社盟，CSU）组成的联盟党以28.5%的第二票得票率胜出，成为联邦议院第一大力量；Merz 当晚在柏林宣布胜选，有望出任下一任总理。这次选举比原定时间提前约七个月举行，此前 Olaf Scholz 总理的三党联合政府已于2024年11月垮台。
新一届联邦议院共630席，过半数门槛为316席。按联邦选举官公布的第二票得票率与席位：联盟党共208席，其中基民盟22.6%、164席，基社盟6.0%、44席；德国选择党（AfD）20.8%、152席，居第二，得票率较2021年的10.4%翻了一倍，取得该党在全国性选举中的最佳成绩；Scholz 的社会民主党（SPD）16.4%、120席，居第三，得票率较2021年的25.7%下跌9.3个百分点。
其余进入联邦议院的政党为：绿党11.6%、85席；左翼党8.8%、64席；代表丹麦族少数群体的南什列斯威选民协会（SSW）0.2%、1席，该党按法律不受5%门槛限制。萨拉·瓦根克内希特联盟（BSW）得票率4.97%、自由民主党（FDP）4.3%，均未过5%门槛、无席位。本次选举投票率为82.5%，高于2021年的76.4%，为1990年德国统一以来最高。
Merz 在选举之夜表示，新政府须尽快组建，他希望在复活节前、即约八周内完成组阁，称「外面的世界不会等我们」。他还表示，他的绝对优先事项是尽快加强欧洲，以便在防务上逐步实现对美国的真正独立；他说，特朗普政府上周的表态表明，美方对欧洲的命运大体漠不关心，欧洲正承受来自两方面的巨大压力，当务之急是实现欧洲的团结。
Scholz 当晚承认败选，称这是对社会民主党而言「苦涩的选举结果」，并祝贺 Merz 与联盟党获胜。德国选择党方面则称其结果具有历史意义，并表示愿意参与组建政府。按席位算，联盟党单独未过半数；联盟党与社会民主党合计328席、超过316席门槛，是选举之夜各方讨论中最可行的两党组合，组阁谈判如何展开成为选后焦点。
（来源：德国联邦选举官）
Germany's Bundestag Election: Merz's Union Bloc Wins, AfD Second, SPD Third
Germany held an early election to its 21st Bundestag on February 23, 2025. Results announced by the Federal Returning Officer showed the Union bloc of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Christian Social Union (CSU), led by Friedrich Merz, winning with 28.5 percent of the second votes to become the largest force in the Bundestag. Merz claimed victory in Berlin that evening and was positioned to become the next chancellor. The election was held about seven months ahead of schedule, after Chancellor Olaf Scholz's three-party coalition government collapsed in November 2024.
The new Bundestag has 630 seats, with 316 needed for a majority. In second-vote share and seats announced by the Federal Returning Officer, the Union bloc took 208 seats in total: the CDU won 22.6 percent and 164 seats, and the CSU 6.0 percent and 44 seats. Alternative for Germany (AfD) came second with 20.8 percent and 152 seats, doubling its 10.4 percent share from 2021 for its best result in a nationwide election. Scholz's Social Democratic Party (SPD) finished third with 16.4 percent and 120 seats, down 9.3 percentage points from its 25.7 percent in 2021.
The other parties entering the Bundestag were the Greens with 11.6 percent and 85 seats, The Left with 8.8 percent and 64 seats, and the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW), which represents the Danish minority, with 0.2 percent and one seat; as a minority party, the SSW is exempt from the 5 percent threshold. The Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), at 4.97 percent, and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), at 4.3 percent, both fell short of the 5 percent threshold and won no seats. Turnout was 82.5 percent, up from 76.4 percent in 2021 and the highest since German reunification in 1990.
On election night, Merz said a new government had to be formed quickly and that he aimed to complete the task by Easter, in about eight weeks, saying the world outside was not waiting for Germany. He also said his absolute priority would be to strengthen Europe as quickly as possible so that, step by step, Europe could achieve real independence from the United States in defence; he said statements from the Trump administration in the preceding week had made clear that the American side was largely indifferent to Europe's fate, that Europe was under massive pressure from two sides, and that creating unity in Europe was the immediate task.
Scholz conceded defeat that evening, calling it a "bitter election result" for the Social Democrats, and congratulated Merz and the Union bloc on their victory. Leaders of Alternative for Germany described their result as historic and said their hand remained outstretched to form a government. On the seat arithmetic, the Union bloc alone fell short of a majority; together, the Union and the SPD held 328 seats, above the 316-seat threshold, making that two-party combination the most workable option discussed on election night and coalition negotiations the focus after the vote.
(Source: The Federal Returning Officer)
来源：德国联邦选举官
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于柏林的德国联邦议院大厦（国会大厦）西侧全景（Jürgen Matern 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0）；系议院建筑资料图，非选举之夜现场。 / Photo: The Reichstag building, seat of the German Bundestag, in Berlin, seen from the west (Jürgen Matern, CC BY-SA 3.0); file photo of the building, not election night.
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