特朗普签署钢铝关税公告：钢铁恢复25%、铝升至25%
2025年2月10日，美国总统特朗普在位于华盛顿特区的白宫签署两份总统公告，依据《1962年贸易扩展法》第232条国家安全条款，调整美国的钢铁与铝进口政策。特朗普签署时表示，这次钢铝关税不设例外。
钢铁方面，第10896号公告恢复对所有国家的钢铁产品征收25%从价关税，并终止此前与阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、欧盟、日本、墨西哥、韩国、英国达成的替代安排，包括配额与关税配额安排。自2025年3月12日起，来自这些国家的进口钢铁一律适用25%关税。
钢铁公告还扩大了关税覆盖的衍生钢铁产品范围，并要求商务部在2025年3月12日终止全部「一般批准排除」，产品排除程序同时撤销。
铝方面，第10895号公告把铝产品关税由10%提高到25%，同样终止各国的替代安排与排除。含有俄罗斯原铝的衍生产品维持200%税率不变。
两份公告的主要条款均于2025年3月12日美东时间凌晨12:01起生效。
公告给出的理由援引了商务部长的报告。公告称，受豁免国家的进口在豁免期间激增，例如加拿大钢铁进口较豁免前增加18%；全球钢铁过剩产能预计到2026年达到约6.3亿吨；中国钢铁出口在2024年前11个月超过1.14亿吨。公告还称，2018年最初的25%关税曾使美国钢铁产能利用率升至80%以上，其后又回落到80%的目标以下。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Steel and Aluminum Proclamations: Steel Restored to 25%, Aluminum Raised to 25%
President Donald Trump signed two presidential proclamations at the White House in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 2025, adjusting U.S. imports of steel and aluminum under Section 232, the national security provision of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. At the signing, Trump said the steel and aluminum tariffs would have no exceptions.
On steel, Proclamation 10896 restored a 25 percent ad valorem tariff on steel products from all countries and terminated the alternative arrangements previously reached with Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and the United Kingdom, including quota and tariff-rate quota arrangements. Starting March 12, 2025, steel imports from those countries would all be subject to the 25 percent tariff.
The steel proclamation also expanded coverage to derivative steel products, directed the Secretary of Commerce to terminate all existing general approved exclusions by March 12, 2025, and revoked the product exclusion process.
On aluminum, Proclamation 10895 raised the tariff on aluminum products from 10 percent to 25 percent and likewise terminated the alternative arrangements and exclusions for other countries. Derivative products containing Russian primary aluminum remained subject to a 200 percent rate.
The principal provisions of both proclamations were to take effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on March 12, 2025.
The proclamations set out their rationale by citing the report of the Secretary of Commerce. According to the proclamations, imports from exempted countries surged during the exemptions — steel imports from Canada, for example, rose 18 percent compared with the period before its exemption; global excess steel capacity was projected to reach about 630 million tonnes by 2026; and China's steel exports exceeded 114 million tonnes in the first 11 months of 2024. The proclamations also said the original 25 percent tariff in 2018 had raised U.S. steel capacity utilization above 80 percent, after which it had fallen back below the 80 percent objective.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于印第安纳州东芝加哥的印第安纳港钢铁厂航拍（2024年10月，Pi.1415926535 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0）；系美国大型综合钢厂资料图，非公告签署现场。 / Photo: Aerial view of the Indiana Harbor Works steel mill in East Chicago, Indiana, October 2024 (by Pi.1415926535, CC BY-SA 4.0); a file photo of a major U.S. integrated steel mill, not the signing ceremony.
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