法国国民议会以331票推翻政府：1962年以来首次
法国国民议会12月4日晚在巴黎以331票通过针对总理 Michel Barnier 政府的不信任动议（motion de censure），Barnier 政府就此倒台。这是法国自1962年 Georges Pompidou 政府被推翻以来，国民议会首次成功通过不信任动议；Barnier 政府也成为法国第五共和国历史上最短命的政府。
动议由左翼联盟新人民阵线（NFP）的185名议员联名提出。国民议会议长 Yaël Braun-Pivet 宣布表决结果时说，331票已经超过通过所需的288票多数（当时议会574个席位有人出缺）。投赞成票的包括国民联盟（RN）123票、不屈的法兰西（LFI）71票、社会党65票、生态党团38票、民主与共和左翼党团16票、右翼联盟 UDR 16票，另有 LIOT 党团1票、无党团议员1票。国民联盟另行提出的动议因第一项动议已获通过，未再付诸表决。
导火索在两天前：12月2日，Barnier 动用法国宪法第49条第3款（49.3），在不经表决的情况下强行通过2025年社会保障融资法案，左翼与极右翼两大阵营随即各自提出不信任动议。按宪法第50条，不信任动议通过后，总理必须向总统递交政府辞职；被否决的社会保障融资法案也随之作废。
Barnier 于2024年9月5日由法国总统 Emmanuel Macron 任命为总理，其少数派政府在国民议会577席中仅掌握约三分之一席位，上任约三个月即告倒台。政府倒台后，Barnier 按宪法须向 Macron 递交辞呈，新总理人选由总统另行任命。（来源：法国国民议会）
French National Assembly Topples Government With 331 Votes in First Successful No-Confidence Motion Since 1962
France's National Assembly in Paris voted 331 in favor on the evening of December 4 to adopt a motion of no confidence in the government of French Prime Minister Michel Barnier, toppling his government. It was the first time the National Assembly had passed a no-confidence motion since the government of Georges Pompidou was brought down in 1962, and the Barnier government became the shortest-lived government in the history of the French Fifth Republic.
The motion was tabled by 185 deputies of the left-wing New Popular Front (NFP) alliance. Announcing the result, National Assembly President Yaël Braun-Pivet said the 331 votes exceeded the required majority of 288 (the Assembly then had 574 seated members). Votes in favor came from the National Rally (RN) with 123, La France Insoumise (LFI) with 71, the Socialists with 65, the Ecologists with 38, the Democratic and Republican Left group with 16 and the UDR with 16, plus one vote from the LIOT group and one non-attached deputy. A separate motion filed by the National Rally was not put to a vote once the first motion had passed.
The trigger came two days earlier: on December 2, Barnier invoked Article 49.3 of the French Constitution to adopt the 2025 social security financing bill without a vote, prompting both the left and the far right to file no-confidence motions. Under Article 50 of the Constitution, once a motion of censure is adopted the prime minister must tender the government's resignation to the president, and the rejected social security financing bill falls with the government.
Barnier had been appointed prime minister by French President Emmanuel Macron on September 5, 2024. His minority government held only about a third of the National Assembly's 577 seats and fell roughly three months after taking office. Following the vote, Barnier was required to submit his resignation to Macron, with a new prime minister to be appointed by the president. (Source: French National Assembly)
来源：法国国民议会
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图片来源：图：法国国民议会所在地巴黎波旁宫（Palais Bourbon）正面。DXR 摄并释入公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Front facade of the Palais Bourbon in Paris, seat of the French National Assembly. Photo by DXR, released into the public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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