贝森特在IMF与世行年会发表声明：促两机构回归核心使命 要求对已达毕业标准国家逐步停贷
美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）在国际货币基金组织（IMF）与世界银行年会期间，向世行发展委员会和IMF国际货币与金融委员会发表声明，阐述美方对两家机构的立场。本届年会在泰国举行，贝森特在声明中对东道主泰国表示感谢。声明称，美国作为二十国集团（G20）轮值主席国，优先事项包括促进强劲经济增长、提高生产率、应对全球失衡、与私营部门合作、推进金融素养、完善主权债务架构，以及推动金融业创新与监管现代化。
关于IMF，声明肯定该机构正在回归核心使命，包括加强对外部部门议题的监督、强化对低收入国家债务脆弱性的监督，并加强项目设计。声明同时要求IMF在全球失衡议题上走得更远，尤其要加强对非市场政策与做法以及汇率在驱动外部失衡中所起作用的分析和介入，并就此发声。在资金安排方面，声明批评通过韧性与可持续信托（Resilience and Sustainability Trust，RST）提供的融资与国际收支压力缺乏明确关联，偏离了国际收支这一核心职能。声明称，美国仍致力于推动国会批准IMF第16次份额总审查，未来的份额调整应依据《德拉伊耶指导原则》（Diriyah Guiding Principles）并基于新的份额公式。
关于世界银行，声明肯定世行过去一年推进就业倡议、移除低效且具扭曲性的气候融资目标、开始逐步停止对部分发达客户国的贷款、推进毕业政策落实，并制定了支持多元化矿产价值链的战略。声明要求世行逐步停止对早已达到毕业政策标准的国家的主权贷款，并指出，对中国和波兰的停贷计划虽早该实施，仍是两国的重要里程碑。声明还要求国际开发协会（IDA）促进受援国毕业、把资源聚焦于最贫困国家，并表示美方支持延长低收入国家认购2018年增资所分配股份的期限。
在能源方面，声明要求世行采取技术中立的方针，包括移除对天然气支持的限制，并正式取消对上游天然气与石油项目的融资禁令。声明重申支持世界银行与非洲开发银行让非洲再多3亿人用上电的目标，肯定IDA近期批准的西非天然气项目，并宣布美国正向核能援助信托基金（Nuclear Energy Assistance Trust Fund）作首笔注资，以帮助各国为未来的核能投资打下基础。
在关键矿产方面，声明欢迎世行近期批准的《金属与矿产实施计划》，称世行可通过政策与监管改革、支持本地加工能力等方式发挥作用，并可在深海采矿这一新兴领域发挥催化作用。在采购方面，声明批评奖励扭曲性产业政策、鼓励补贴的采购做法，要求世行推进采购改革，实现更大的竞争和更高的质量。
对于国际金融公司（IFC），声明要求其加倍努力，兑现2018年增资时作出的承诺——将新承诺的40%投向最贫困和最脆弱的国家，并指IFC朝这一承诺的推进速度已严重落后、不可接受。
在预算方面，声明肯定两家机构本财年行政预算实际零增长的做法，并要求两家机构无限期冻结乃至削减执行董事会预算与薪酬——声明称，两家机构执董会每年合计耗资超过2亿美元。声明还要求IMF出售布雷顿森林娱乐中心（Bretton Woods Recreation Center）与康科迪亚酒店（Concordia Hotel）。
（来源：美国财政部新闻稿）
Bessent Urges IMF and World Bank to Refocus on Core Missions, Phase Out Lending to Graduation-Eligible Countries
U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent issued a statement to the World Bank Development Committee and the IMF International Monetary and Financial Committee during the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, setting out the U.S. position on reform at the two institutions. This year's Annual Meetings are being held in Thailand, and Bessent thanked Thailand for hosting. As G20 President, the statement said, the United States has prioritized promoting strong economic growth, increasing productivity, addressing global imbalances, engaging with the private sector, advancing financial literacy, improving the sovereign debt architecture, and promoting financial sector innovation and regulatory modernization.
On the IMF, the statement welcomed the Fund's progress in getting back to basics, including surveillance of external sector issues, strengthened surveillance of debt vulnerabilities in low-income countries, and stronger program design. It said the refocus must go further on global imbalances, particularly in strengthening the IMF's analysis and engagement on the role that non-market policies and practices and exchange rates play in driving external imbalances, and that the Fund must exercise its voice on the issue. The statement criticized financing provided through the Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) as lacking a clear linkage to balance of payments pressures and veering into development-policy lending. It said the United States continues to work to secure congressional approval for the 16th General Review of Quotas, and that any future quota realignment should be based on the recently approved Diriyah Guiding Principles on IMF Quota and Governance Reforms and on a new quota formula.
On the World Bank, the statement credited the Bank with implementing its jobs initiative, removing inefficient and distortionary climate finance targets, beginning to phase out lending to certain advanced client countries, taking steps to better implement its graduation policy, and devising a strategy for a more diversified minerals value chain. It said the Bank must phase out sovereign lending to countries that have long since met the graduation policy criteria, and that the planned phase-outs of lending to China and Poland, though long overdue, represent an important milestone for both countries. The statement also said the International Development Association (IDA) must facilitate graduation so it can focus its resources on the poorest countries, and that the United States supports extending the deadline for low-income countries to subscribe to the shares allocated under the 2018 capital increases.
On energy, the statement called on the Bank to take a technology-neutral approach, including by removing constraints on its support for natural gas, and said the World Bank Group should formally retire its prohibition on financing upstream gas and oil. It reiterated U.S. support for the World Bank and African Development Bank goal of extending energy access to 300 million more people in Africa, welcomed a recently approved IDA project on gas supply in West Africa, and announced that the United States is making an initial contribution to the Nuclear Energy Assistance Trust Fund.
On critical minerals, the statement welcomed the Bank's recently approved Metals and Minerals Implementation Plan, citing the Bank's role in areas including local processing capacity, and said the Bank can play a catalytic role in deep-sea mining. On procurement, the statement criticized procurement policies that reward distortive industrial policies and said the Bank must pursue reforms resulting in greater competition and quality.
On the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the statement called on the IFC to redouble efforts to meet its 2018 capital increase pledge to make 40 percent of new commitments in the poorest and most fragile countries, saying the IFC's rate of progress toward the commitment has fallen unacceptably short.
On budgets, the statement welcomed the flat real administrative budget growth being pursued at both institutions this fiscal year and said both institutions should go further, including by indefinitely freezing — and even reducing — Executive Board budgets and salaries, which it said now have a combined annual cost of over $200 million. It also called on the IMF to divest from the Bretton Woods Recreation Center and the Concordia Hotel.
(Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury press release)
图片来源：美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特官方肖像，公有领域（美国财政部／Wikimedia Commons）
