七次尝试均受阻：诺奖得主马查多仍无法返回委内瑞拉
据英国《观察家报》10月14日报道，委内瑞拉反对派领导人、诺贝尔和平奖得主玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多（María Corina Machado）迄今已七次尝试返回委内瑞拉，全部失败，目前仍居住在巴拿马。
据马查多团队披露，第一次尝试时，她乘坐的私人飞机从弗吉尼亚州起飞后被迫在途中返航；第二次，一家航空公司拒绝让她在巴拿马登上一架商业航班；第三、第四次尝试细节未公开，仅知其中一次走陆路；最近三次发生在上个月的24小时内、恰逢临时总统德尔西·罗德里格斯（Delcy Rodríguez）出席联合国大会期间——一次乘船行程因疑似发动机故障取消，另外两次向荷兰加勒比岛屿阿鲁巴和库拉索提出的私人飞机降落申请均被拒绝。
马查多所属政党「来吧，委内瑞拉」（Vente Venezuela）的通讯协调员克劳迪娅·马塞罗（Claudia Macero）表示，是罗德里格斯在阻挠马查多回国；她同时指出，没有公开或有据可查的证据表明美国直接设置了障碍，并援引国务卿鲁比奥近期的否认说法称「我们采信这一点」，但又说「显然我们明白，有势力不希望她回来」。美国前驻委内瑞拉大使詹姆斯·斯托里（James Story）则认为，白宫可能认为马查多回国会打破围绕石油和矿业开放形成的脆弱平衡。报道称，美国对委三步走方案依次为稳定、经济恢复、政治过渡与新选举，但选举日期至今未定。马查多上周在《纽约邮报》撰文称自己回国一事「紧迫」；特朗普被问及她的言论时未作正面回应，仅称「她是一位杰出的女性」。相比之下，一些流亡反对派人士已经回国：马塞罗本人2025年曾藏身阿根廷大使馆近一年后秘密出境，近日飞抵加拉加斯时无人盘问，顺利入境。
Seven Attempts, Still No Way Home for Venezuela's Nobel-Winning Opposition Leader Machado
Venezuela's opposition leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner María Corina Machado has made seven attempts to return to Venezuela and every one has failed, according to her team, in a report published by Britain's Observer on October 14. Machado, 59, remains in Panama.
On the first attempt, her private jet from Virginia was ordered to turn back mid-flight. On the second, an airline refused to let her board a commercial flight from Panama. Few details have been shared about the third and fourth attempts, except that one was by land. The latest three took place within 24 hours last month, while acting President Delcy Rodríguez was at the UN General Assembly: a boat journey was cancelled because of an apparent engine fault, and requests to land private jets on Aruba and Curaçao, the Dutch Caribbean islands off Venezuela's coast, were rejected.
Claudia Macero, communications coordinator for Machado's Vente Venezuela party, said it is Rodríguez who is blocking Machado's return. She added that there is no public or documented evidence of a direct U.S. impediment, pointing to Secretary of State Marco Rubio's recent denial of U.S. involvement: "We hold on to that. But obviously we understand that there are forces that do not want her to come." Former U.S. ambassador to Venezuela James Story said the White House may believe Machado's return would upset a fragile equilibrium created around the opening of Venezuela's oil and mining sectors, describing the result so far as "a more profitable dictatorship."
Washington's three-step plan for Venezuela — stability, economic recovery, and only then political transition and new elections — still has no election date. Machado wrote in the New York Post last week that her return was "urgent." Asked about her comments, President Trump declined to be drawn, saying only: "She is an excellent woman." Other exiles have managed to return: Macero, who fled in 2025 after spending almost a year trapped in the Argentine embassy, recently flew into Caracas and was let in without questioning.
图片来源：玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多（摄于2013年）。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，Gabo Bracho 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0 授权
