美国要求墨西哥审查一家汽车纺织厂劳工权利 援引美墨加协定快速反应机制
美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）10月13日宣布，已正式请求墨西哥审查位于瓜纳华托州的卡罗来纳高性能面料公司（Carolina Performance Fabrics）的劳工实践，指控该公司干预工人组织独立工会的活动，并对寻求集体代表权的员工进行报复。此案援引的是《美墨加协定》（USMCA）下的快速反应劳工机制，该机制允许三个成员国通过加速程序处理特定工作场所的劳工权利问题。
该工厂生产用于汽车行业的特种高性能纺织品。USTR 同时指示财政部暂停该厂所产货物尚未结清的关税条目的清算，即在争议审查期间暂缓最终核定相关进口货物的关税；这一措施本身并不构成对该厂产品的全面进口禁令。
此案源于墨西哥全国中央联合会（COCENA）下属一家工会于9月10日提交的申诉，指控内容包括对参与工会活动的员工进行骚扰、威胁与非法解雇。由美国贸易代表与劳工部长共同主持的跨部门劳工监督与执法委员会审查申诉后认为，存在充分可信的证据启动这一机制。USTR 强调，提出审查请求并不构成该公司违反劳工权利的最终认定；审查将判定该厂工人结社自由与集体谈判的权利是否被剥夺。美国此前已多次就墨西哥汽车零部件等工业设施援引同一机制。
US Asks Mexico to Review Labor Rights at Auto Textile Plant Under USMCA Mechanism
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) announced on October 13 that it has asked Mexico to review alleged violations of workers' rights at Carolina Performance Fabrics, an automotive textile manufacturing facility in the state of Guanajuato, invoking the Rapid Response Labor Mechanism under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA). The facility manufactures specialised, high-performance textiles used in the automotive industry.
The action follows allegations that the company interfered with workers' attempts to organise an independent union and retaliated against employees seeking collective representation. USTR said it has directed the Treasury Department to suspend liquidation of unliquidated customs entries involving goods manufactured at the facility, meaning the final assessment of duties on affected imports is withheld while the dispute is examined; the step does not by itself amount to a complete prohibition on imports from the factory.
According to USTR, the case originated from a petition submitted on September 10 by a Mexican labour union affiliated with the Confederación Central Nacional (COCENA), alleging harassment, threats and unlawful dismissals of employees involved in union activities. The U.S. Interagency Labor Committee for Monitoring and Enforcement, co-chaired by the U.S.Trade Representative and the Secretary of Labor, examined the petition and determined there was sufficient credible evidence to invoke the mechanism. The request is not a final finding that the company violated workers' rights; the review will determine whether workers at the facility have been denied their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. The United States has previously invoked the same mechanism in disputes involving automotive parts manufacturers and other industrial facilities in Mexico.
图片来源：图：纺织服装厂缝纫车间内景（资料图）。摄影：Tareq Salahuddin，CC BY 2.0 授权，来源：Wikimedia Commons
