人口普查局9月拟议规则引争议：2030年普查拟增公民身份问题 意见征询延长至11月2日
华盛顿——特朗普政府2026年9月9日在《联邦公报》公布美国人口普查局的一项拟议规则，为2030年人口普查提出多项重大修改。随着公众意见征询期被延长至11月2日，围绕这项9月提案的争议在10月持续升温，CNBC于10月13日对此作了报道。
拟议规则主要包括四项内容：第一，在2030年普查中增加公民身份问题；第二，将不具有合法永久居民身份的人排除在用于分配联邦众议院席位的普查计数之外；第三，重新定义「通常居住地」；第四，取消自1790年第一次人口普查以来一直保留的种族与族裔问题，并禁止询问性取向问题。
时间线方面：该提案于9月9日公布；《联邦公报》10月5日发出通知，将公众意见征询期延长至11月2日，公众可在此之前提交意见。
反对意见方面：纽约州总检察长詹乐霞（Letitia James）与纽约市议会议长朱莉·梅宁（Julie Menin）10月1日发表联合声明反对该提案，称其与美国宪法第十四修正案中按「各州全部人口数」分配众议院席位的规定冲突，并表示已经准备提起诉讼。
支持方面：美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克（Howard Lutnick）表示，人口普查应当「不问肤色」（colorblind）。
倡议团体「Hands Off Our Census」对已提交意见作了统计，称在已提交的15,000余条公众意见中，88%表示反对。需要说明的是，这一比例来自该倡议团体的分析，并非官方统计数字。
来源：据《联邦公报》2026年9月9日拟议规则与10月5日延期通知、CNBC 10月13日报道。
Census Bureau's September Proposal Draws Fire: Citizenship Question Planned for 2030, Comment Period Extended to Nov. 2
WASHINGTON — On September 9, 2026, the Trump administration published a proposed Census Bureau rule in the Federal Register that would make sweeping changes to the 2030 census. With the public comment period now extended to November 2, debate over the September proposal intensified in October, and CNBC reported on the growing controversy on October 13.
The proposed rule has four main elements: adding a citizenship question to the 2030 census; excluding people who are not lawful permanent residents from the census counts used to apportion seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; redefining the concept of "usual residence"; and eliminating the race and ethnicity questions that have been part of the census since the first count in 1790, while also prohibiting questions on sexual orientation.
On the timeline: the proposal was published on September 9, and a Federal Register notice on October 5 extended the public comment period to November 2.
In opposition, New York State Attorney General Letitia James and New York City Council Speaker Julie Menin issued a joint statement on October 1 against the proposal, saying it conflicts with the Fourteenth Amendment's requirement that House seats be apportioned according to the "whole number of persons in each State," and saying they are prepared to sue.
In support, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has said the census should be "colorblind."
The advocacy group Hands Off Our Census, which analyzed the comments submitted so far, says that of more than 15,000 public comments, 88% oppose the proposal. That figure comes from the advocacy group's own analysis and is not an official government statistic.
Source: Federal Register proposed rule published September 9, 2026, and extension notice of October 5; CNBC, October 13.
图片来源：美国人口普查局总部（马里兰州苏特兰），美国人口普查局照片，公有领域（Wikimedia Commons）
