英国军情五处局长年度演讲：俄罗斯仍是「头号侵略者」，最忧恐怖分子借AI研发生物武器
伦敦——英国军情五处（MI5）局长肯·麦卡勒姆10月13日（周二）在伦敦发表年度演讲，概述他眼中英国面临的主要威胁，来源包括俄罗斯、伊朗等敌对国家以及人工智能的发展。
关于俄罗斯，麦卡勒姆称其为「头号侵略者」，指俄方正升级「混合战争」，手法保持在不触发北约直接回应的门槛之下。他表示，自俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来，已有1,000名俄方官员被驱逐出各国使馆，俄方能力因此下降，转而依赖本地志愿者与犯罪代理人行事。俄罗斯否认在英国及其他西方国家从事敌对活动。
关于伊朗，麦卡勒姆表示，德黑兰同样在使用犯罪代理人，目标包括异见人士、伊朗媒体机构以及在英国的以色列利益，且过去一年扩大了其混合行动。他说，与伊朗相关的行动已在英国导致50多人被捕，其中多起针对犹太社区；另一个变化是伊朗的野心转向军事场所等更「硬」的目标。伊朗同样否认有关其从事恶意活动的指控。
麦卡勒姆在演讲中还表示，国家威胁在过去十年间增至四倍，军情五处如今投入国家威胁的资源超过冷战时期。
关于人工智能，麦卡勒姆说，AI正在加剧攻击者与防御者之间的网络较量，能为个人生成量身定制的宣传材料；军情五处已抓获利用AI改进侦察与攻击方法的潜在袭击者，AI驱动的无人机带来新的挑战。他表示，对AI滥用最大的担忧，是恐怖分子借此研发生物武器、甚至制造新型病原体。（资料来源：路透社2026年10月13日报道）
MI5 Chief's Annual Speech: Russia Remains 'Aggressor Number One,' With AI Bioweapons by Terrorists the Greatest Concern
London — Ken McCallum, director general of Britain's MI5 intelligence agency, delivered his annual speech in London on Tuesday, October 13, outlining the threats he sees facing the country, from hostile states such as Russia and Iran to the development of artificial intelligence.
On Russia, McCallum called it "aggressor number one," saying Moscow was escalating "hybrid" warfare while staying below the threshold that would trigger a direct NATO response. He said Russia's capabilities had been reduced by the expulsion of 1,000 officials from embassies since the invasion of Ukraine, which meant it had to rely on native volunteers and criminal proxies. Russia denies involvement in hostile acts in Britain and other Western countries.
On Iran, McCallum said Tehran was also using criminal proxies to target opponents, Iranian media organizations and Israeli interests in Britain, and had expanded its hybrid campaign in the last year. Operations connected to Iran had yielded more than 50 arrests in the UK, many of them aimed at Jewish communities, and Iran's ambitions had shifted toward harder targets such as military sites. Tehran also rejects accusations of malign activity in Britain.
McCallum said state threats had quadrupled over the last decade, and that MI5 now devoted more resources to the issue than during the Cold War.
On artificial intelligence, he said AI was "supercharging the cybersecurity contest between attackers and defenders," producing tailored propaganda and material for individuals. MI5 has caught potential attackers using AI to try to improve reconnaissance and attack methodologies, and AI-enabled drones added a new challenge. He said the greatest concern about the misuse of AI was terrorists developing bioweapons or even creating new pathogens. (Source: Reuters, October 13, 2026)
图片来源：伦敦米尔班克泰晤士大楼（英国军情五处总部）街景。图片 Image: Txllxt TxllxT, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
