美司法部起诉丹佛市 挑战针对联邦执法人员的「口罩禁令」条例
美国司法部近日对丹佛市提起诉讼，挑战该市一项禁止联邦执法人员在执法时佩戴口罩、并要求其按市政规章表明身份的条例。被告包括丹佛市、现任市长约翰斯顿（Mike Johnston）、市检察官布朗和警察局长托马斯等人。司法部官方新闻稿于10月7日至8日间发布。
争议条例为丹佛市政法规第28-300至28-303条。司法部在诉状中主张，该条例违反美国宪法「最高条款」，各州及地方政府无权对联邦官员的执法方式施加此类限制；诉状还称，禁止佩戴口罩会暴露联邦执法人员的身份，使他们及其家人面临被骚扰和人身攻击的风险。司法部民事司官员在声明中表示，丹佛的政策危及联邦人员安全，联邦政府将坚决维护其雇员执行职务的能力。
丹佛市方面则表示，制定该条例是为了让在本市执法的所有人员——包括联邦人员——都能被公众识别，以增进执法透明与问责。市检察官办公室称将研究诉状并在法庭上为本市条例辩护。
这起诉讼是联邦政府与多座城市在移民执法协作等问题上持续摩擦的一部分，案件将由联邦法院审理，结果可能影响其他城市类似条例的存废。
丹佛市议会在通过这项条例时表示，规定的目的是让居民能够辨认在本市执法的公务人员身份，条例适用于在丹佛行动的各级执法人员。随着案件进入联邦法院审理，条例在诉讼期间的执行安排将由法院裁定，市府表示在法院作出裁决前将依法行事。
信息来源：美国司法部官方新闻稿
DOJ Sues Denver Over Mask Ban for Federal Officers, Citing Supremacy Clause
The U.S. Department of Justice has sued the City and County of Denver, challenging a local ordinance that prohibits federal law-enforcement officers from wearing masks while operating in the city and requires them to identify themselves under municipal rules. The defendants include the city, Mayor Mike Johnston, the city attorney and the police chief. The DOJ announced the suit in a press release issued Oct. 7-8.
The ordinance at issue is codified at Denver Revised Municipal Code sections 28-300 through 28-303. In its complaint, the Justice Department argues the measure violates the U.S. Constitution's Supremacy Clause, saying state and local governments may not impose such restrictions on how federal officers do their jobs. The suit also contends that barring masks exposes federal personnel to identification and raises the risk of harassment and attacks against them and their families. A Civil Division official said Denver's policy endangers federal personnel and that the department will defend its employees' ability to carry out their duties.
Denver officials say the ordinance was enacted so that everyone enforcing the law in the city, including federal personnel, can be identified by the public, as a matter of transparency and accountability. The city attorney's office said it will review the complaint and defend the ordinance in court.
The case, to be heard in federal court, is part of continuing friction between the federal government and a number of cities over immigration-enforcement cooperation, and its outcome could affect similar ordinances elsewhere.
When the City Council passed the ordinance, it said the point was to let residents identify officials enforcing the law in Denver, and that the rules apply to law-enforcement personnel operating in the city at every level. With the case now in federal court, the ordinance's status during litigation will be for the court to determine; the city says it will follow the law as the case proceeds.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice press release
图片来源：丹佛市县大楼，CC BY-SA 4.0，摄影：Swarabakti（Wikimedia Commons）
