拉马福萨宣布释出250万公顷国有土地予黑人农户 配产权证培育新一代商业农民
2026年10月12日周一，南非总统拉马福萨在每周公开信中宣布，政府将通过「主动土地收购战略」（Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy）释出约250万公顷国有土地予黑人农户，并向他们发放产权证。据南非政府新闻社（SAnews）与《公报》（Bulletin）10月12日报道，拉马福萨说，此举旨在把更多土地投入耕作，培育新一代黑人商业农民，确保南非不仅能养活自己的人民，还能向世界市场出售农产品。
他指出，南非农业部门潜力巨大、可以创造大量就业，但扩张的收益并未惠及所有社区，许多社区仍被排除在外。农业目前雇用约94.4万人，产业链另有约20万人就业；南非农产品出口2025年达2700亿兰特的历史纪录，是世界第32大农产品出口国，产品包括鲜食葡萄、玉米、牛肉、葡萄酒、柑橘、糖与羊毛。但他同时形容南非存在「两种农业」：以白人农户为主的大型商业农场贡献了绝大部分产出，黑人农民约占该部门的一成。
配套措施包括融资、技能发展、导师制与培训。拉马福萨以东开普省斯图特海姆的红地农场（Redlands Farm）为例：这家由年轻黑人农民经营的商业奶牛农场在土地银行混合融资计划（政府赠款加贷款）支持下扩张业务。他说，有效的伙伴关系证明，转型后的农业与农企部门可以提振农村经济、创造就业，政府也鼓励其他农企与商业银行参与、开发更多融资工具。
土地问题是南非种族隔离结束后最敏感的议题之一，也是与美国特朗普政府摩擦的焦点——美方曾批评南非的土地改革政策，南非政府否认无偿征收私人土地的指控。此次释出的是国有土地而非私人农场，政府希望以产权证加金融支持的方式，在纠正历史不公与维持农业产出之间取得平衡，其落实进度将受到农户、银行与市场的共同检验。
Ramaphosa Announces Release of 2.5 Million Hectares of State Land to Black Farmers With Title Deeds
In his weekly newsletter on Monday, October 12, 2026, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that government is releasing approximately 2.5 million hectares of state-owned land to Black farmers through the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy, and giving them title deeds. SAnews and the Bulletin reported his message: bringing more land under cultivation can create a new generation of Black commercial farmers and ensure South Africa grows enough to feed its people and sell to world markets.
Ramaphosa said the agricultural sector has immense potential for growth and jobs, but the benefits of its expansion have not reached all communities. Agriculture employs about 944,000 people, with another 200,000 across the value chain; exports reached a record R270 billion in 2025, making South Africa the world's 32nd-largest agricultural exporter of products including table grapes, maize, beef, wine, citrus, sugar and wool. Yet he described 'two agricultures': large commercial farms, predominantly white-owned, account for the bulk of output, while Black farmers represent around 10 percent of the sector.
Land access must be combined with financing, skills development, mentorship and training, he said, citing Redlands Farm, a commercial dairy farm in Stutterheim in the Eastern Cape owned by young Black farmers, which expanded with support from the Land Bank's Blended Finance Scheme combining government grants with loan finance. He said such partnerships show a transformed agribusiness sector can boost the rural economy and create jobs, and encouraged other agribusinesses and commercial banks to develop further funding instruments.
Land remains one of South Africa's most sensitive post-apartheid questions and a point of friction with the Trump administration in the United States, which has criticised South Africa's land-reform policies; Pretoria rejects accusations of expropriating private land without compensation. This release concerns state-owned land rather than private farms, and the government hopes title deeds plus finance can balance historical redress with agricultural output, a formula whose delivery will be tested by farmers, banks and markets alike.
图片来源：北开普省卡鲁地区的农舍与农地。摄影：BeanieAll，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
