跟进：尼泊尔戈尔卡山洪救援人数升至321人——逾百名外国徒步者仍困马纳斯鲁步道，5名村民失联、200余栋房屋被冲毁
加德满都——GSM 10月11日报道的尼泊尔中部戈尔卡县山洪，周一（10月12日）传来大规模救援更新。尼泊尔当局表示，救援人员周一共救出321人、其中包括12名外国人；军方称，尽管布迪甘达基河水位已经回落，救援行动周二仍将继续。
这场灾害发生在周日凌晨：戈尔卡县境内一场无雨滑坡（dry landslide）堵塞了布迪甘达基河，堰塞体溃决后形成山洪，冲毁了桥梁、徒步步道与大片民居。事发地位于加德满都以西约100公里，正值尼泊尔徒步旺季。马纳斯鲁保护区项目官员奥杰哈（Bhuwan Raj Ojha）对路透社表示，仍有100多名外国徒步者被困在马纳斯鲁步道沿线不同地点——部分路段已被洪水冲断，想下山的人必须靠救援撤离，想继续行程的人可从安全路段续行；他强调步道沿线有餐馆与茶屋，受困者目前是安全的。
伤亡与损失方面，目前尚无死亡报告，但5名村民仍然失联；黑色泥浆与碎石残骸冲毁200多栋房屋，并损坏三座水电站。被困者中有九名孟加拉国徒步者滞留在贾加特（Jagat）村等待可能的直升机撤离，其中一人对阿纳多卢通讯社描述，山洪自村庄上方倾泻、穿过了村子的下半部。
本稿相对GSM 10月11日首发稿（当时为5人失踪、49人获救）的新进展有三：获救总人数升至321人、受困外国徒步者规模首次明确（逾100人）、房屋与水电站损失数字首次公布。成因方面，国际山地综合发展中心（ICIMOD）初步判断，这次洪水可能源于滑坡形成的临时堰塞体溃决，并提醒山区社区与河谷走廊对这类「连锁式」突发灾害高度暴露。背景上，布迪甘达基河属特里苏里河支流——同一流域另一条支流8月曾发生冰川溃决引发的特大洪灾，据路透社报道造成1,457人死亡、数千人失踪，山区地貌的脆弱性在两个月内两度以惨烈方式显现。
马纳斯鲁与安纳普尔纳、珠峰地区并列为华人徒步者最常选择的尼泊尔路线，10月又是全年最旺的季节。
Nepal Flood Rescues Rise to 321 as More Than 100 Foreign Trekkers Remain Stranded on the Manaslu Trail
Kathmandu — The flash flood in Nepal's central Gorkha district that GSM reported on October 11 brought a major rescue update on Monday, October 12. Nepali authorities said rescue personnel brought out 321 people on Monday, including 12 foreigners; the military said rescue operations would continue on Tuesday even though water levels on the Budhi Gandaki River have receded.
The disaster occurred in the early hours of Sunday: a dry landslide in Gorkha district blocked the Budhi Gandaki River, and when the landslide dam breached it formed a flash flood that destroyed bridges, trekking trails and large numbers of homes. The site is about 100 kilometers west of Kathmandu, in the peak of Nepal's trekking season. Bhuwan Raj Ojha, an official with the Manaslu Conservation Area Project, told Reuters that more than 100 foreign trekkers remain stranded at various points along the Manaslu trail — some sections have been washed away, so those who want to descend must be evacuated by rescuers, while those who wish to continue can proceed from safe sections; he stressed that there are restaurants and teahouses along the trail and that those stranded are currently safe.
On casualties and losses, no deaths have been reported so far, but five villagers remain missing; black mud and rubble destroyed more than 200 houses and damaged three hydropower stations. Among those stranded, nine Bangladeshi trekkers are waiting in Jagat village for a possible helicopter evacuation; one of them described to Anadolu Agency how the flood poured down from above the village and ran through its lower half.
Relative to GSM's initial October 11 report (at the time: five missing, 49 rescued), this report's new developments are three: total rescues have risen to 321; the scale of the stranded foreign trekkers (more than 100) has been made clear for the first time; and the figures for houses and hydropower damage have been published for the first time. On the cause, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) preliminarily judges that the flood may have originated from the breach of a temporary dam formed by the landslide, and warns that mountain communities and river-valley corridors are highly exposed to such 'chain-reaction' sudden disasters. For background, the Budhi Gandaki is a tributary of the Trishuli River — another tributary of the same basin suffered a catastrophic glacial-outburst flood in August that, according to Reuters, killed 1,457 people and left thousands missing; the fragility of the mountain terrain has shown itself in brutal fashion twice in two months.
Manaslu, together with Annapurna and the Everest region, is among the Nepal routes most often chosen by Chinese trekkers, and October is the busiest month of the year.
图片来源：图：从戈尔卡县萨马冈村望向马纳斯鲁峰。摄影：Sunuwargr，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
