加州签署"禁止机器人老板"法案：AI不得单独决定开除员工
加州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）9 月 30 日签署了参议员杰里·麦克纳尼（Jerry McNerney）提出的 SB 947 法案——"禁止机器人老板法案"（No Robot Bosses Act），该法将于 2027 年 7 月 1 日生效。法案规定，加州雇主不得仅凭人工智能系统的建议来解雇或处分员工。
根据新法，主要依据自动化建议作出人事处分的雇主，必须指派专人利用人事档案或主管评估等证据对决定进行独立核实；无法核实、或被发现信息不准确、不完整、具有误导性的 AI 建议，不得作为处分的依据。法案还禁止雇主利用自动化系统推断员工的受保护特征，或因员工行使法定权利而对其进行预测和惩罚。
受到处分的员工必须收到书面通知，说明技术在决策中所起的作用、确认其结论经过人工复核，并提供咨询联系方式；员工还有权要求雇主说明决策中使用了哪些个人数据。该法案得到加州劳工联合会（AFL-CIO）支持，被视为全美首部针对"算法管理"（algorithmic management）的劳工保护法。
California Signs 'No Robot Bosses' Law: AI Cannot Alone Decide to Fire Workers
California Governor Gavin Newsom on September 30 signed SB 947 — the "No Robot Bosses Act" introduced by Senator Jerry McNerney — which takes effect July 1, 2027. The law bars California employers from firing or disciplining workers based solely on the recommendation of an artificial intelligence system.
Under the new law, employers that take personnel action primarily based on automated recommendations must assign a human to independently verify the decision using evidence such as personnel files or supervisor evaluations; AI recommendations that cannot be verified, or are found to be inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading, may not be used as the basis for discipline. The law also prohibits employers from using automated systems to infer employees' protected characteristics or to predict and punish workers for exercising their legal rights.
Disciplined employees must receive written notice explaining the technology's role in the decision, confirming its conclusion was reviewed by a human, and providing a contact for consultation; workers also have the right to ask employers to disclose what personal data was used in the decision. Backed by the California Labor Federation (AFL-CIO), the measure is seen as the nation's first labor protection law targeting "algorithmic management."
图片来源：图：加州议会大厦，萨克拉门托。摄影：Shanwei Jiang，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
