威斯康星州麻疹确诊升至263例 为全美第四大疫情 感染源仍未确认
威斯康星州正在经历今年全美规模最大的麻疹疫情之一。根据州卫生服务部最新数据，西南部四个县的麻疹病例合计已达244例，加上与外州旅行相关的零星病例，全州今年累计确诊263例，仅在10月2日以来的一周内就新增了20例。
按各州最新公布的病例数，威斯康星今年的麻疹确诊数位列全美第四，仅次于宾夕法尼亚、南卡罗来纳和犹他州。疫情高度集中在西南部的格兰特县、艾奥瓦县、拉斐特县和弗农县四个县；另有少数与外州旅行相关的病例出现在北部的奇佩瓦县和马拉松县。
截至目前，州和地方卫生官员尚未确认疫情的感染源。州卫生服务部发言人詹妮弗·米勒表示，部分病例曾报告乘坐火车出行，卫生部门已注意到其他州报告的与美铁列车乘客相关的麻疹暴露和确诊病例，其中包括途经威斯康星州的线路。米勒在邮件中说：“病例数有助于我们了解疫情的进展，但可能无法捕捉到每一次感染——病例主要是在人们就医、医疗机构向公共卫生部门报告疑似或确诊病例时才被发现。”
数据显示，除两例外，所有确诊病例均为未接种疫苗者。公共卫生官员指出，已接种者出现突破性感染的情况极为罕见，接种疫苗仍是预防麻疹最有效的方式。今年威斯康星州已有5名麻疹患者住院治疗，暂无死亡报告。疫苗可在医生诊所、药房、卫生部门或社区临时接种点获得，对无力支付者也有相应的费用减免项目。
Wisconsin Measles Cases Climb to 263, Fourth-Highest in U.S.; Outbreak Source Still Unconfirmed
Wisconsin is experiencing one of the largest measles outbreaks in the United States this year. According to the state Department of Health Services, measles cases in four southwestern counties now total 244, bringing the statewide count for the year to 263, with 20 new cases reported in the week since Oct. 2.
By the states' latest case counts, Wisconsin has the fourth-highest measles total this year, after Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Utah. The outbreak is concentrated in Grant, Iowa, Lafayette and Vernon counties in the southwest, while a smaller number of cases linked to out-of-state travel have been confirmed in the northern counties of Chippewa and Marathon.
Local and state health officials have not confirmed the source of the outbreak. DHS spokesperson Jennifer Miller said some cases have reported train travel, and health officials in other states have reported measles exposures and cases stemming from infected passengers aboard Amtrak trains, including routes through Wisconsin. "While reported case counts can help us understand how the outbreak is progressing, they may not capture every infection," Miller said in an email. "Cases are primarily identified when people seek medical care and their providers report suspected or confirmed cases to public health agencies."
All but two cases involve people who have not been vaccinated. Public health officials say breakthrough infections in vaccinated people are rare and that vaccination remains the best protection. Five people have been hospitalized in Wisconsin this year; no deaths have been reported. Vaccines are available through doctors' offices, pharmacies, health departments and pop-up community clinics, with programs available for those unable to pay.
图片来源：Whispyhistory 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0（Wikimedia Commons）
