秘鲁707个区进入60天紧急状态：政府应对2026—2027雨季前的迫近缺水危机
利马——秘鲁政府10月11日周日公布第140-2026-PCM号最高法令，宣布17个大区的707个区进入为期60天的紧急状态，以应对2026—2027雨季前迫近的水资源短缺。法令授权采取经技术论证的例外措施，用于风险削减、响应与恢复，由国家民防研究所（INDECI）负责技术协调与跟进，多个部委及地区、地方政府共同参与。
缺水与山火是同一枚硬币的两面。国家气象水文局（Senamhi）发布10月11日至16日的红色警报，覆盖九个大区：干燥空气、高温与强风使小火源极易迅速蔓延。国家林业与野生动物局（Serfor）报告全国有数十处确认的同时火点与数千个热异常点；库斯科大区仍有两处活跃山火，该区今年已记录约289起事件、约9000公顷受损、五人死亡。
军方人员、消防员与灭火队以及配备吊桶的空军直升机已投入灭火，但官员警告，人手与后勤缺口可能加深对农业、畜牧业与农村生计的影响。国家灾害风险评估中心（Cenepred）8月的研究已指出，484个区与约280万人处于极高的缺水风险之中。
紧急状态覆盖的地区以安第斯农村为主，那里也是秘鲁华人社区历史联系较深的农牧产区上游。对利马等城市的供水而言，雨季何时到来、降雨是否充足，将决定这场危机是止于预警还是演变为实际配给。未来60天的降雨与火情，是秘鲁社会共同关注的指标。
来源：据秘鲁政府第140-2026-PCM号最高法令及Particle News2026年10月11日关于紧急状态与火情的汇总报道整理。
Peru Declares a 60-Day Emergency in 707 Districts Over an Imminent Water Shortage
LIMA - The Peruvian government published Supreme Decree No. 140-2026-PCM on Sunday, October 11, declaring a 60-day state of emergency in 707 districts across 17 regions to address an imminent water deficit ahead of the 2026-2027 rainy season. The decree authorises exceptional, technically justified measures for risk reduction, response and rehabilitation, under technical coordination and follow-up by the civil defence institute INDECI, with participation from multiple ministries and regional and local governments.
Drought and wildfire are two sides of the same coin. The national weather service Senamhi issued a red alert for October 11-16 covering nine regions, where dry air, high temperatures and strong winds make small ignitions likely to spread rapidly. The forestry service Serfor reported dozens of confirmed simultaneous fires and thousands of heat spots nationwide; Cusco region still had two active fires, with about 289 incidents recorded this year, roughly 9,000 hectares affected and five deaths.
Military personnel, firefighters, brigades and Air Force helicopters with water buckets have been deployed, but officials warn gaps in personnel and logistics could deepen impacts on agriculture, livestock and rural livelihoods. An August study by the disaster-risk centre Cenepred had already flagged 484 districts and about 2.8 million people at very high water-deficit risk.
The emergency districts are largely in the rural Andes. When the rains arrive - and whether they are sufficient - will decide whether this crisis stops at warning stage or becomes actual rationing for cities including Lima. Rainfall and fire conditions over the next 60 days are the indicators all of Peru will be watching.
Sources: Compiled from Supreme Decree No. 140-2026-PCM and Particle News' October 11, 2026 compiled report on the emergency and fire conditions.
图片来源：干旱中干裂的土地（资料图），Al Jazeera English 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0（Wikimedia Commons）
