《柳叶刀》委员会盘点21世纪17大灾难性健康威胁:肥胖可避免负担居单项之首,恶意使用AI与核冲突列"灭绝级"

医学期刊《柳叶刀》10月在柏林举行的2026年世界卫生峰会上发布一份委员会报告,系统盘点了21世纪威胁人类健康与生存的重大风险。据NPR等媒体报道,报告由华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所(IHME)所长克里斯托弗·默里(Christopher JL Murray)与联合国人口基金前执行主任纳塔利娅·卡内姆(Natalia Kanem)共同主持,汇集35位来自卫生、经济、安全、治理与科技领域的专家,基于对204个国家和地区数百种潜在威胁的风险分析,最终锁定17项"灾难性威胁"。
17项威胁中,只有两项被列为具有"灭绝潜力":恶意使用人工智能,以及核冲突。委员会测算,防范核冲突的行动到2100年可避免约1.33亿人死亡;降低恶意AI风险可避免约104亿伤残调整生命年(DALY)。其余威胁包括空气污染、抗菌素耐药性、自然发生的大流行病、气候变化、高血压、吸烟、酗酒、心理健康不佳、儿童营养不良、收入不平等、教育程度低、健康援助资金萎缩、常规战争、不健康老龄化——以及肥胖。
在可避免负担的单项测算中,肥胖居首:委员会估计,与肥胖相关的可避免健康损失到2100年达约231亿DALY。据NPR报道,肥胖被概括为未来75年全球健康的"单一最大威胁"。气候变化方面,委员会称若能把全球升温控制在约1.8°C而非放任升至4.4°C,可避免约18.9亿健康寿命年的损失。
对美国华人读者,这份清单有直接的现实对应:17项中有多项——肥胖、高血压、心理健康、空气污染、恶意AI——正是美国华人社区日常面对的健康与科技议题。
(资料来源:《柳叶刀》、NPR)
Lancet Commission Maps 17 Catastrophic Health Threats to 2100: Obesity Tops Single-Threat Avoidable Burden; Malicious AI and Nuclear Conflict Flagged as Extinction-Level
A new Lancet Commission, launched at the World Health Summit 2026 in Berlin, has mapped the catastrophic threats to health and human survival between 2025 and 2100. Drawing on Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation analysis covering 204 countries and territories, the 35-member commission narrowed hundreds of candidate threats to 17 that could each account for at least one billion disability-adjusted life years by 2100.
Only two threats were classed as having extinction potential: the malicious use of artificial intelligence and nuclear conflict. The remaining threats span air pollution, antimicrobial resistance, natural pandemics, climate change, high blood pressure, smoking, alcohol use, poor mental health, childhood malnutrition, income inequality, low educational attainment, shrinking health aid, conventional conflict and unhealthy ageing — and obesity, whose avoidable burden the commission put at roughly 23.1 billion DALYs by 2100, the largest single figure in its modelling; NPR accordingly described obesity as the single largest threat to global health over the next 75 years.
(Sources: The Lancet, NPR)
图片来源:图:日内瓦世界卫生组织总部大楼。摄影:Yann,CC BY-SA 4.0,来源:Wikimedia Commons

