美联储调查：家庭收入和净资产上升 重债家庭比例升至 2013 年来最高
美联储 10 月 9 日发布 2025 年消费者金融调查：2022 至 2025 年间，美国家庭实际收入中位数上升 7%，至 82,200 美元；实际收入平均数则下降 6%，至 145,200 美元。家庭净资产中位数实际上升 2%，至 215,900 美元，平均数上升 7%，至 124 万美元。
住房方面，自有住房率维持在约 66%；自有住房家庭的净住房价值中位数从 218,900 美元升至 230,000 美元。退休计划参与率小幅升至约 65%。股市参与率则从 58% 降至 56%，但持股家庭的持股中位数大涨 36%，至 77,400 美元。
债务仍很普遍：约 77% 的家庭背负某种债务，债务中位数和平均数与 2022 年大体不变。不过，债务偿付占收入比例超过 40% 的家庭，从 6.5% 升至 8.6%，达到 2013 年调查以来的最高水平，显示收入改善之下仍有一部分家庭财务吃紧。（资料来源：美联储 2025 年消费者金融调查）
Fed Survey: U.S. Family Income and Wealth Rose, but Heavy Debt Burden Hit Highest Level Since 2013
The Federal Reserve Board on October 9 released the 2025 Survey of Consumer Finances. Between the 2022 and 2025 surveys, real median family income rose 7 percent to $82,200, while real mean family income fell 6 percent to $145,200. Real median net worth rose 2 percent to $215,900, and real mean net worth rose 7 percent to $1.24 million.
The homeownership rate was about unchanged at 66 percent. For homeowners, median net housing value rose to $230,000 from $218,900. Retirement plan participation edged up to around 65 percent. Stock-market participation slipped from 58 percent to 56 percent, although families that held stock saw median holdings jump 36 percent to $77,400.
About 77 percent of families carried some type of debt, with median and mean debt roughly unchanged from 2022. But the share of families whose debt payments exceeded 40 percent of income increased from 6.5 percent to 8.6 percent, the highest level since the 2013 survey—a sign that financial strain is growing for a subset of households even as overall income and wealth improved. (Source: Federal Reserve Board, 2025 Survey of Consumer Finances)
图片来源：图为美联储 Eccles 大楼；摄影：美国联邦储备委员会，经维基共享资源（公有领域）/ The Federal Reserve's Eccles Building; photo by the Federal Reserve via Wikimedia Commons (public domain)