葡萄牙2027年预算草案送交议会：减税与增退休金并行，目标保持小幅盈余、债务率降至85%以下
里斯本——葡萄牙政府10月8日下午将2027年国家预算草案送交议会，比法定截止日期提前两天。草案当天上午在部长会议上通过，由财政部长若阿金·米兰达·萨门托亲手交给议会议长若泽·佩德罗·阿吉亚尔-布兰科。这是总理路易斯·蒙特内格罗政府的第三份预算。
据彭博社报道，草案规划进一步减税并提高退休金，同时维持小幅财政盈余：预计2026年经济增长2.3%、2027年增长2.1%，2027年盈余约为国内生产总值的0.1%。萨门托在里斯本的记者会上表示，葡萄牙经济增速在2024、2025和2026年均高于欧洲平均水平，各项预测显示2027年也将如此。他还强调，降低公共债务必须是政府的「永久焦点」，目标是债务率明年降至85%以下。
住房是草案的另一重点，政府为扩大可负担住房和公共住房存量安排约20亿欧元。议会将于10月28日就草案进行一般性表决，细则辩论持续至11月24日进行最终总表决。
蒙特内格罗领导的是中右翼少数派政府，预算通过再次取决于社会党（PS）的态度。社会党总书记若泽·路易斯·卡内罗此前表示，该党打算在一般性表决中弃权，前提是政府在宪法修订、保障退休金、复苏与韧性计划后续投资、风暴受灾市镇重建四项条件上作出保证。共产党和左翼集团已宣布投反对票，Chega党则以降低退休年龄、削减燃油增值税等要求相威胁。共和国总统安东尼奥·何塞·塞古罗表示，期待一场「富有成果的辩论」。
来源：据Euronews、彭博社及The Portugal Post对2027年预算草案的报道整理。
Portugal's 2027 Budget Reaches Parliament: Tax Cuts and Higher Pensions With a Small Surplus, Debt Below 85% of GDP
LISBON — Portugal's government submitted the draft State Budget for 2027 to parliament on Thursday afternoon, October 8, two days before the deadline, after approving it that morning in the Council of Ministers. Finance Minister Joaquim Miranda Sarmento handed the document to the Speaker of the Assembly of the Republic, José Pedro Aguiar-Branco. It is the third budget of Prime Minister Luís Montenegro's government.
According to Bloomberg, the proposal combines additional tax cuts and higher pensions with a narrow fiscal surplus: growth of 2.3 percent is forecast for 2026 and 2.1 percent for 2027, with a surplus of about 0.1 percent of GDP in 2027. Miranda Sarmento told a Lisbon press conference that Portugal had grown above the European average in 2024, 2025 and 2026, with projections pointing the same way for 2027. He said reducing public debt must remain the government's 'permanent focus', with the debt ratio targeted to fall below 85 percent of GDP next year.
Housing is another centrepiece, with some €2 billion earmarked to expand affordable housing and reinforce the public housing stock. Parliament debates the bill in general terms on October 28, with the final overall vote set for November 24.
Montenegro leads a centre-right minority government, so passage again depends on the Socialist Party (PS). PS secretary-general José Luís Carneiro said the party intends to abstain in the general vote after the prime minister gave guarantees on four conditions: a constitutional revision with a central role for PS and PSD, protection of pensions, funding for post-Recovery-Plan investment, and support for storm-hit municipalities. The Communists and the Left Bloc will vote against; Chega has threatened to oppose unless demands including a lower retirement age are met. President António José Seguro said he expected a 'fruitful debate'.
Sources: Compiled from Euronews, Bloomberg and The Portugal Post coverage of the 2027 budget proposal.
图片来源：里斯本圣本托宫（共和国议会所在地），Jose Manuel 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0（Wikimedia Commons）
