日本央行：涨价压力向消费端扩散 上调两地区经济评估 全部九地区温和复苏
日本银行10月8日发布地区经济报告称，由原材料成本上升驱动的涨价正在向消费品扩散，一些企业提价的频率比以往更高，显示央行对通胀扩散的担忧加深。路透社当日报道了这份在央行地区分行行长季度会议后发布的声明。
央行上调了九个地区中两个地区的经济评估，其余地区维持判断，称所有地区都在温和复苏。报告提到，旺盛的AI相关需求正在推高日本国内电子产品、机械与通信基础设施的产出。
报告说，许多地区的企业正在把多方面的成本上涨转嫁出去，包括中东冲突与日元疲软推高的原材料成本，以及不断上升的人工成本；成本转嫁的努力正扩散到更贴近消费者的企业，涨价的公司数量随之增加。
这份报告将成为日本央行本月政策会议审议季度增长与通胀预测时的依据之一。日本央行9月已把利率升至1.25%的31年高点。对在日生活的华人家庭，物价扩散意味着超市与服务价格的黏性上涨短期内难退，工资谈判的实际涨幅成为家庭预算中的显性变量。
Bank of Japan Sees Broadening Inflationary Pressure and Upgrades Two Regional Economies
The Bank of Japan said on October 8 that price increases driven by higher raw material costs were spreading to consumer goods, with some firms hiking prices more frequently than in the past, signalling concern over broadening inflationary pressure, according to Reuters. The statement followed the central bank's quarterly meeting of regional branch managers.
The BOJ raised its economic assessment for two of the country's nine regions and maintained its view for the rest, saying all were recovering moderately. It also offered an upbeat note on output, saying brisk AI-related demand was increasing domestic production of electronic goods, machinery and telecommunication infrastructure.
Many regions saw firms passing on a broad range of rising costs, the report said, including raw material costs lifted by the Middle East conflict and the weak yen, as well as rising labour costs. Efforts to pass through costs are spreading to firms closer to consumers, leading more companies to raise prices.
The report will feed into the BOJ's quarterly growth and inflation forecasts at this month's policy meeting. The bank raised rates to a 31-year high of 1.25 percent in September. For Chinese households in Japan, spreading price rises mean sticky supermarket and service costs, making the real value of wage settlements worth closer attention.
图片来源：日本银行总部大楼实景，摄影：Wiiii，CC BY-SA 3.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons（File:Bank of Japan headquarters extension part 2010.jpg）
