Politico：国务院内部电报要求追溯审查2020年以来赴美生子签证记录
据美国政治新闻网站 Politico 10月8日报道，该媒体获得的一份美国国务院内部电报显示，国务院已指示全球各驻外使领馆，追溯审查2020年1月24日至2026年8月1日期间的部分签证与旅行记录，以识别涉嫌持旅游签证入境美国生育、为新生儿取得美国国籍的外国人。
据 Politico 报道，这份电报要求各使领馆审查选定的航班名单与签证记录，并要求在今年11月底前完成审查；发现的可疑个案须上报国务院今年8月设立的「生育旅游预防工作组」（Birth Tourism Prevention Task Force）。审查重点是主要入境目的为在美国生育的人士。
报道称，审查对象不止于赴美生育的父母本人。参与策划或协助安排这类行程的其他亲属，即使并非在美出生儿童的父母，也可能面临签证被撤销。领事官员还被要求更严格审查外国公民在使领馆为年幼子女申请美国护照时的移民记录。
据 Politico 报道，截至今年9月底，与「生育旅游」相关的签证撤销已超过2300宗，高于8月间公布的约600宗。国务院发言人此前公开表示，本届政府任内美国已撤销签证超过25万份，其中约2300份与生育旅游有关；国务院同时表示，美国签证是「一种特权，而非权利」，将使用一切可用工具瓦解生育旅游网络。国务卿鲁比奥此前亦曾就相关执法表示：「美国国籍不是用来出售的。」
此次追溯审查的起始日期2020年1月24日，与国务院2020年生效的一项规定同日：该规定允许领事官员在认定申请人主要旅行目的为赴美生育以取得国籍时，拒绝签发访问签证。今年8月6日，特朗普总统签署针对生育旅游的行政令；9月23日，鲁比奥宣布依据《移民与国籍法》第212(a)(3)(C)条，对参与或协助商业性生育旅游的人员实施签证限制。
需要说明的是，这份内部电报的原文并未公开，本文关于电报内容的细节均据 Politico 的报道。报道同时指出，个案被纳入审查并不等同于当事人已被认定违规，官员须逐案判定是否有法律依据采取行动。今年6月30日，美国最高法院以6比3裁定驳回行政当局试图限制出生公民权的行政令，重申在美国出生者的公民权宪法保障。
Politico: State Department Cable Orders Retroactive Review of 'Birth Tourism' Visa and Travel Records Back to 2020
Politico reported on October 8 that, according to a U.S. State Department internal cable it obtained, the department has instructed U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide to retroactively review selected visa and travel records from January 24, 2020 through August 1, 2026, in order to identify foreign nationals suspected of entering the United States on tourist visas primarily to give birth so that their children obtain U.S. citizenship.
According to Politico, the cable directs missions to examine selected flight manifests and visa records and to complete the review by the end of November this year. Suspected cases are to be reported to the Birth Tourism Prevention Task Force, which the department established in August. The review focuses on travelers whose primary purpose of entering the United States was to give birth.
The report said the scrutiny does not stop with the parents who traveled to give birth. Other relatives who helped plan or facilitate such trips could also face visa revocation, even if they are not the parents of a child born in the United States. Consular officers were also told to scrutinize more closely the immigration history of foreign nationals who apply at embassies and consulates for U.S. passports for their young children.
According to Politico, more than 2,300 visas tied to "birth tourism" had been revoked by late September, up from roughly 600 announced in August. A State Department spokesperson has previously said publicly that the United States has revoked more than 250,000 visas during the current administration, about 2,300 of them connected to birth tourism, and that the department will use all available tools to dismantle birth tourism networks, describing a U.S. visa as "a privilege, not a right." Secretary of State Marco Rubio has also said, in announcing related enforcement, that "American citizenship is not for sale."
The review's start date, January 24, 2020, coincides with a State Department rule that took effect in 2020 allowing consular officers to deny a visitor visa when they determine that the applicant's primary purpose of travel is to give birth in the United States to obtain citizenship for the child. On August 6 this year, President Donald Trump signed an executive order targeting birth tourism, and on September 23 Rubio announced visa restrictions under Section 212(a)(3)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act against people who engage in or facilitate commercial birth tourism.
The text of the internal cable has not been made public, and the details of its contents reported here are based on Politico's reporting. The report also noted that being included in the review does not by itself establish wrongdoing, and that officials must determine case by case whether there are legal grounds for action. On June 30 this year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 against the administration's executive order seeking to restrict birthright citizenship, reaffirming the constitutional guarantee of citizenship for those born in the United States.
图片来源：图片：美国国务院总部哈里·S·杜鲁门大楼（华盛顿）/ Harry S. Truman Building, U.S. Department of State headquarters, Washington, D.C. — Photo: U.S. Department of State (Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)
