奥地利政府将兵役改革草案送交公众咨询 拟2027年起实施「6+3」模式
奥地利政府10月7日（周三）在维也纳部长会议后宣布，将兵役与民役（Zivildienst）改革的系列法律草案送交为期五周的公众咨询，咨询期至11月12日。政府计划国民议会在12月完成表决，改革自2027年1月1日起生效。内政部国务秘书约尔格·莱希特弗里德与人民党议会党团领袖恩斯特·格德尔、新未来党议会党团领袖扬尼克·谢蒂在会后新闻发布会上介绍了方案，称这是奥地利二十年来最大规模的兵役改革。
改革的核心是「6+3」模式：基础兵役维持六个月，另加一个月部队训练和两个月民兵演习，演习在十年内分期完成。这是奥地利三十多年来首次恢复强制性民兵演习。政府提出的基本原则是「训练代替消磨时间」，减少服役期间的无效等待。基础服役人员的月薪将由625欧元提高到1,000欧元，并首次获得法定休假权利；征兵体检流程将改建为向女性开放的「健康通道」。
民役方面，草案不作一刀切延长，仍维持九个月，但增设触发机制：若某一年应征基础兵役人数低于13,875人，民役自次年起延长至11个月。格德尔表示，按目前数字推算，民役最早可能在2029年才实际延长。民役人员也可自愿延长两个月，担任急救员等志愿服务可折抵部分时间。
改革中涉及民役的宪法条款需要在国民议会获得三分之二多数，因此必须得到至少一个反对党的支持。政府与自由党10月6日举行的第三轮、也是暂时最后一轮谈判未达成一致，自由党兵役事务发言人福尔克·赖芬贝格尔批评政府在民役问题上几乎没有让步；绿党则欢迎草案进入咨询程序，其兵役事务发言人达维德·施特格米勒表示将认真对待咨询反馈并提出修改要求。格德尔在发布会上称，兵役问题「是国家政治问题，不是党派政治问题」，并表示对年底前达成可行方案有信心。
该改革方案最初于今年7月27日由政府公布，此后数月一直是执政联盟与反对党磋商的议题。咨询结束后，草案将进入议会审议程序。
来源：奥地利联邦总理府2026年10月7日通报、APA通讯社相关报道及各党团当日声明综合报道。
Austria Sends Military Service Reform Draft to Consultation, Eyeing a 2027 Start
After a cabinet meeting in Vienna on Wednesday, October 7, Austria's government announced that the draft laws for its reform of military service and civilian service (Zivildienst) would go out to a five-week public consultation running until November 12. The government plans a National Council vote in December, with the reform to take effect on January 1, 2027. State Secretary Jörg Leichtfried of the Interior Ministry presented the package alongside Ernst Gödl, parliamentary leader of the People's Party, and Yannick Shetty, parliamentary leader of NEOS, describing it as the largest military service reform in two decades.
At its core is a "6+3" model: six months of basic military service, followed by one month of troop exercises and two months of militia exercises spread over ten years. It marks the first return of compulsory militia exercises in more than three decades. Under the stated principle of "training instead of sitting out time," unproductive waiting during service is to be cut sharply. Conscripts' monthly pay would rise from 625 to 1,000 euros, with a statutory right to leave days for the first time. The induction process is to be expanded into a "health track" that will also be open to women.
Civilian service would not be lengthened across the board. It stays at nine months, with a trigger mechanism: if the number of basic servicemen in a calendar year falls below 13,875, civilian service would rise to eleven months from the following year. Gödl said that, on current figures, civilian service could first become longer in 2029. Civilian servicemen could also extend voluntarily by two months, and voluntary work such as serving as a paramedic could be credited.
Because the civilian-service elements touch constitutional provisions, the package needs a two-thirds majority in the National Council and therefore the support of at least one opposition party. A third and, for now, final round of talks between the government and the Freedom Party on October 6 ended without agreement; the party's defence spokesman, Volker Reifenberger, said the government had made almost no concessions on civilian service. The Greens welcomed the start of consultation, with their spokesman David Stögmüller saying they would take the feedback seriously and demand improvements. Gödl told reporters the reform was "a question of state policy, not party politics," and expressed confidence in reaching a workable solution by the end of the year.
The reform package was first presented by the government on July 27 and has been under negotiation with the opposition for months. After the consultation closes, the bills go to parliament.
Sources: Austrian Federal Chancellery statement of October 7, 2026, APA reporting and party statements issued the same day.
图片来源：参加联合演习的奥地利联邦军士兵。摄影：7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command，CC BY 2.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
