意大利下修国防开支增幅稳债务，Eni延长农业渔业燃油折扣
意大利政府10月2日公布新一轮多年经济预测前夕，消息人士称罗马将上调今年经济增速预期至接近1%，同时在最后一刻下修此前规划的国防开支增幅，以控制规模庞大的公共债务。预测将成为本月稍后公布的2027年预算案基础，这也是总理梅洛尼在明年大选前的最后一份预算。
同日，意大利能源集团Eni宣布把燃油折扣扩展至农业与渔业：Enilive客户可按不含增值税20%的折扣价购买农用与渔业柴油、汽油，优惠至10月31日，并可能延长至年底。Eni此前已推出零售油价上限，Q8、IP、Tamoil等同行随后跟进。
背景是意大利9月通胀跳升至4.1%、能源成本高企。政府预计2026年赤字为GDP的2.9%，自2019年以来首次低于欧盟3%上限；但债务今年预计将超过希腊，成为欧元区最高。
财政空间收紧之下，政府对欧盟预算弹性的使用将比原计划更克制，国防与民生支出之间的取舍成为预算案的最大看点。
Italy Scales Back Defence Spending Hike; Eni Extends Fuel Discounts to Farms and Fishing
Ahead of new multi-year forecasts on October 2, sources said Italy would raise this year's growth estimate to close to 1% while scaling back previously planned defence spending increases to keep a lid on its massive public debt. The figures form the basis of the 2027 budget, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's last before a national election due next year.
The same day, energy group Eni said it would extend fuel discounts to agriculture and fishing, offering Enilive customers a 20% discount net of VAT on agricultural and fishing diesel and petrol until October 31, possibly extended to year-end. Eni had earlier capped pump prices, a move followed by Q8, IP and Tamoil.
The steps come after Italian inflation jumped to 4.1% in September amid surging energy costs. The 2026 deficit is estimated at 2.9% of GDP, below the EU's 3% ceiling for the first time since 2019, though public debt is expected to overtake Greece's as the euro zone's highest this year.
With fiscal space tight, Rome plans to make less use of EU budget leeway than previously planned, making the balance between defence and household support the budget's central question.
图片来源：图：Fuel, diesel, petrol, methane gas distributor.jpg，作者：Anna.Massini，授权：CC BY 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
