巴西博彩禁令进入司法审查：最高法院法官要求总检察长三日內说明
巴西总统卢拉9月25日签署的第1,394号临时措施全面禁止固定赔率博彩与线上赌场，持牌平台被要求在10月6日前下线。10月2日，最高联邦法院法官路易斯·富克斯要求总检察长办公室在72小时内就行业提出的暂停禁令申请提交说明，禁令的命运由此进入司法审查阶段。据德勤10月9日发布的巴西博彩禁令专题梳理，富克斯的这一程序决定于10月2日作出，总检察长办公室10月5日提交答复，反对暂停执行，并主张运营商无权要求退还牌照费或获得补偿。
这项禁令来得突然：巴西的持牌博彩市场2025年1月才正式开闸，如今不到两年即被叫停。玩家账户里的余额须在10月5日23时59分前提取完毕；据德勤梳理，10月5日时仍有约13.3亿雷亚尔留在玩家账户中，银行正安排退还剩余资金。行业协会与21家足球俱乐部已向最高法院提出申请，要求暂停该措施。
禁令的经济冲击迅速显现。巴西全国游戏与彩票协会（ANJL）10月7日公布的数据显示，禁令生效不到两周，行业已裁员3,500多人，占从业人员约23%，另有4,167名员工被安排集体休假，协会预计90天内裁员将达5,600人。持牌运营商2025年向联邦缴纳的税款达99.5亿雷亚尔。
这场争议也卷入总统选战：财政部长达里奥·杜里甘称10月4日的第一轮投票形同对禁令的一次“公投”；弗拉维奥·博索纳罗批评禁令时机，但表示支持禁止线上赌场。国会须在11月23日前决定该临时措施的存废，最高法院的裁决则可能要等到10月25日决选之后。
Brazil's Betting Ban Heads to the Supreme Court as Justice Fux Seeks the Government's Case
On September 25, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva signed Provisional Measure 1,394, banning fixed-odds betting and online casinos in Brazil and ordering licensed platforms offline by October 6. On October 2, Supreme Federal Court Justice Luiz Fux gave the Attorney General's Office 72 hours to provide information on industry requests to suspend the measure, moving the ban into judicial review. According to Deloitte's October 9 briefing on the ban, the Attorney General responded on October 5 opposing any suspension and arguing that operators have no right to a refund of licence fees or to compensation.
The ban landed abruptly: Brazil's licensed betting market only opened in January 2025 and is now being shut down in under two years. Players had until 11:59 p.m. on October 5 to withdraw balances, and Deloitte reported that about 1.33 billion reais remained in player accounts on October 5, with banks arranging returns. Industry associations, backed by 21 football clubs, have asked the Supreme Court to suspend the measure.
The economic impact was immediate. The National Association of Games and Lotteries (ANJL) said on October 7 that more than 3,500 direct jobs — about 23 percent of the sector's workforce — had been lost in under two weeks, with a further 4,167 employees placed on collective vacation and dismissals expected to reach 5,600 within 90 days. Licensed operators paid 9.95 billion reais in federal taxes in 2025.
The dispute has also become a campaign issue. Finance Minister Dario Durigan described the October 4 first-round vote as a kind of plebiscite on the ban, while Flavio Bolsonaro attacked the ban's timing but backed keeping an online-casino prohibition. Congress has until November 23 to decide the measure's fate, and the Supreme Court ruling may wait until after the October 25 runoff.
图片来源：图：巴西最高联邦法院大楼，巴西利亚。摄影：Josue Marinho，CC BY 3.0，取自 Wikimedia Commons
