瑞士联邦院表决：与欧盟新条约须经强制公投并获各州多数同意
瑞士联邦议会联邦院10月1日表决决定，瑞士与欧盟谈判达成的一揽子新条约（“双边协议三期”，Bilaterals III）必须提交强制性全民公投，并须同时获得全国选民多数与各州多数（即所谓“双重多数”）支持才能生效。表决结果为23票赞成、17票反对、3票弃权，议会由此否决了联邦委员会提出的“可选公投”方案——按政府原方案，条约只需选民简单多数即可通过。
这套条约是瑞士与欧盟自2024年重启谈判以来达成的全面更新安排，涵盖人员自由流动、电力、食品安全、医疗卫生等多个领域。联邦院同日还批准了瑞士对欧盟的团结承诺信贷：2030年至2036年间共33亿瑞郎，其中20亿瑞郎用于缩小欧盟内部经济社会差距，2.734亿瑞郎用于移民领域项目，另约10亿瑞郎为一次性款项。
表决同时明确，条约中的保障条款可以包括在移民激增情形下征收所谓“移民税”等保护措施。支持双重多数要求的议员认为，涉及国家主权与制度安排的条约应适用修宪级门槛；反对者则担心门槛过高将令协议在公投中难以过关，损害瑞士与最大贸易伙伴欧盟的关系稳定。
该议题接下来将送交国民院审议，与电力市场相关的一份协议预计12月另行讨论。瑞士与欧盟现行双边协议框架已运行二十余年，此次更新谈判被伯尔尼视为决定未来数十年瑞欧关系走向的关键一步。
来源：swissinfo.ch、The Geneva Times、Swiss Observer 相关报道。
Swiss Council of States Votes to Put EU Treaty Package to a Mandatory Referendum
Switzerland's Council of States voted on 1 October to require that the new package of treaties negotiated with the European Union — known as Bilaterals III — be put to a mandatory referendum and win both a majority of voters nationwide and a majority of the cantons, the so-called double majority. The motion passed by 23 votes to 17 with 3 abstentions, rejecting the Federal Council's preferred optional referendum, under which a simple popular majority would have sufficed.
The package updates Switzerland's bilateral framework with the EU across free movement of people, electricity, food safety and health. The Council of States also approved Switzerland's solidarity commitment credits of CHF 3.3 billion for 2030–2036, including CHF 2 billion to help reduce economic and social disparities within the EU, CHF 273.4 million for migration projects and a one-off payment of roughly CHF 1 billion.
The vote also confirmed that safeguard clauses in the treaties may include measures such as an 'immigration tax' in the event of a sharp rise in immigration. Supporters of the double-majority requirement argue that treaties touching sovereignty and institutions should face a constitutional-level threshold, while opponents warn it could make the package far harder to pass and unsettle relations with the EU, Switzerland's largest trading partner.
The question now goes to the National Council, with a separate electricity agreement due for debate in December. The bilateral framework has governed Swiss-EU relations for more than two decades, and Bern regards the update as decisive for the decades ahead.
Sources: reporting by swissinfo.ch, The Geneva Times and Swiss Observer.
图片来源：从玫瑰园眺望伯尔尼老城，Daniel Kraft 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0（Wikimedia Commons）
